고려 왕릉의 봉분 형태

Abstract

In this article, we identify the form of the royal tombs of the Goryeo Dynasty and period was distinguished based on diameter(直徑) of burial mound(封墳). The royal tomb is divided into king and queen, and honored and dethroned. The research was focused on the clearly confirmed royal tomb. The form of burial mound of the royal tombs belongs to reigned is a twelve-sided screen slabs(屛風石), which was engraved with a Twelve Animal Deities(十二支神像), and stone railing(欄于石) around it. The diameter of reigned and honored royal tomb are 10m, shape and size are equal too. But some of honored royal tomb collapsed or destructed by later generations. Royal tomb of dethroned king has 5.3 to 6.3m diameter which is smaller than reigned royal tomb. There is only one or zero large 8-sided stone slabs(around the base of a large tumulus) instead of twelve-sided screen slabs which shaped as circle tomb. Stone railing was constructed but there are no twelve animal gods. And the Royal tomb of the queen and honored queen has same size and form. Royal tomb of dethroned queen is presumed to have the same shape and size as te royal tomb of dethroned king which has not been confirmed yet. And the shape of the Gaeneung(嘉陵) which is the name of royal tomb for crown princess is the same form as the dethroned king that has 8-sided stone slabs, but the difference is bigger diameter of the tomb for crown princess. The difference between these royal tombs has shown as the numbers of the sided surface of the stone slabs 12 for reigned king, 8 for dethroned king and crown prince, 4 for government of officer according to rank. The royal tombs of the Goryeo Dynasty can be divided into four groups based on the diameter of the burial mound. The period I is from the Taejo(太祖) to the Hyeonjong(顯宗) period, and the diameter of the royal tomb is 10m. Period Ⅱ is from Munjong(文宗) to Sinjong(神宗), and from Gyeongneung(慶陵) of Munjeong, the diameter of royal tomb for king is reduced to 8m, the reason can be find in that before the pre-Hyeongjong period the royal tomb of first queen was merged with the her own king, but from the royal tomb for the mother of Hyeongjong got the name of it. The Ⅲ period is a period when Ganghwa-do(江華島) is the capital city, and it is the time of Kojong(高宗) Hongneung(홍릉) in the Seokneung(碩陵) of Huijong(熙宗). The form of the royal tomb is not different from the capital city kaekyung(開京), but the only differences are one big stone slab and diameter which was reduced to 3.7m. Period IV is from the Wonjong(元宗) to the Gongminwang(恭愍王) period, return to capita city kaekyung. As the royal tomb gradually grew, it reached a diameter of 13.7m when it reached the Gongmin King period.