조선시대 궁궐 정문 시설물에 대한 고찰

Abstract

China, as a nation of emperors, built five gates in the imperial palace, and the feudal lords built three gates in the royal palace. Gyeongbokgung Palace in Joseon applied the Sammun system following the example of the feudal lords, but no facilities were installed in front of Gwanghwamun, the main gate, to reveal hierarchy. During the reign of King Sejong, Yejo Panseo Shin Sang(申商) suggested that the statue of God should display its majesty by installing facilities, but this was not implemented. The suggestion of the statue was reflected in the reconstruction of Gyeongbokgung Palace during the reign of King Gojong, and it appears that the records of the envoys and attendants who saw the facility in front of the main gate of the Forbidden City in Beijing were referenced. The main gate to the Forbidden City in Beijing was ‘Daming Gate(大明門)’, but the name was changed to ‘Da Qing Gate(大淸門)’ during the Qing Dynasty. Information about ‘Daming Gate’ was introduced in Choi Bu(崔溥)'s 『Pyohaerok(漂海錄)』, where people who visited Beijing during the reign of King Jeongjo left detailed records of their visits to the facilities in front of ‘Da Qing Gate’. This can be confirmed through the 『Yeonhaengdo(燕行圖)』 drawn by Painter(畫師). With this information accumulated, Gyeongbokgung Palace was rebuilt, and Joseon officials installed a Woldae(月臺) in front of Gwanghwamun to express the majesty of Gyeongbokgung Palace. Two rows of boundary stones were placed on the flat surface of the Woldae, which looks like a stone bridge, to separate the paths used by fishing and government officials. Gwanghwamun Woldae clearly distinguished the status of civil and military officials entering the king's space, and emphasized the need for a pious attitude by erecting a statue of Haechi(獬豸).