Synthesis of nano-scale silicon powder by magnesiothermic reduction for anodes in lithium-ion battery
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Pure Si powder used as an anode material can enhance the capacity of lithium ion batteries. However, repeated chargingand discharging can cause significant volume expansion, thereby reducing the durability and battery life cycles. Using roundshape,nanoscale Si powder, which can be fabricated by a reduction process of spherical SiO2 powder, can relieve thisproblem. This reduction method results in the formation of SiOx including Si structure. In particular, approaches such asusing nano powder as a starting material or employing a high-energy milling process to produce nano powder have beenextensively explored in recent research. In the present study, nano-sized SiOx powder containing Si was fabricated by using100 nm synthetic, spherical SiO2 powder and commercial Si powder as the starting material. The materials were mixed bya high-energy milling process using an attrition mill and then subjected to magnesiothermic reduction heat treatment. Inparticular, NaCl was used during the heat treatment to inhibit the formation of Mg2SiO4 reactant. The crystallinity andthe Si-O-Si bonding state of the final SiOx powder, obtained after acid treatment and DI water washing, were examined bycharacterization using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Abstract
Pure Si powder used as an anode material can enhance the capacity of lithium ion batteries. However, repeated chargingand discharging can cause significant volume expansion, thereby reducing the durability and battery life cycles. Using roundshape,nanoscale Si powder, which can be fabricated by a reduction process of spherical SiO2 powder, can relieve thisproblem. This reduction method results in the formation of SiOx including Si structure. In particular, approaches such asusing nano powder as a starting material or employing a high-energy milling process to produce nano powder have beenextensively explored in recent research. In the present study, nano-sized SiOx powder containing Si was fabricated by using100 nm synthetic, spherical SiO2 powder and commercial Si powder as the starting material. The materials were mixed bya high-energy milling process using an attrition mill and then subjected to magnesiothermic reduction heat treatment. Inparticular, NaCl was used during the heat treatment to inhibit the formation of Mg2SiO4 reactant. The crystallinity andthe Si-O-Si bonding state of the final SiOx powder, obtained after acid treatment and DI water washing, were examined bycharacterization using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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