Effect of synthesis conditions on cristobalite crystallization in low-cost ceramic membranes
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The raw materials quartz, calcite, kaolin, and zeolite were used to fabricate β-cristobalite-based ceramic membranes at lowtemperatures. The raw materials were divided into two groups: calcite and zeolite. Calcite and zeolite raw material mixtureswere prepared in different proportions by weight. Quartz-calcite-kaolin and quartz-zeolite-kaolin raw material mixtureswere subjected to grinding, drying and shaping processes and then sintered separately at temperatures of 1100 °C, 1150°C, and 1200 °C in a 7-hour furnace regime. All samples were subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), density, and mechanical testing. The effects of various raw materialswith different compositions and sintering temperatures on the characteristics of ceramic membranes were examined. Thenecessary conditions for sufficient cristobalite production were created by a sintering temperature of 1200 °C with zeoliteas the raw material. These criteria are also suitable for homogeneous pore size distribution and crystal structure formation. The flexural strength of the membrane containing 10 wt.% zeolite sintered at 1200 °C was 34.75 N.mm-2. The average porediameter of the membrane sintered at 1200 °C with an initial zeolite content of 25 wt.%, was 33.95 nm.
Abstract
The raw materials quartz, calcite, kaolin, and zeolite were used to fabricate β-cristobalite-based ceramic membranes at lowtemperatures. The raw materials were divided into two groups: calcite and zeolite. Calcite and zeolite raw material mixtureswere prepared in different proportions by weight. Quartz-calcite-kaolin and quartz-zeolite-kaolin raw material mixtureswere subjected to grinding, drying and shaping processes and then sintered separately at temperatures of 1100 °C, 1150°C, and 1200 °C in a 7-hour furnace regime. All samples were subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), density, and mechanical testing. The effects of various raw materialswith different compositions and sintering temperatures on the characteristics of ceramic membranes were examined. Thenecessary conditions for sufficient cristobalite production were created by a sintering temperature of 1200 °C with zeoliteas the raw material. These criteria are also suitable for homogeneous pore size distribution and crystal structure formation. The flexural strength of the membrane containing 10 wt.% zeolite sintered at 1200 °C was 34.75 N.mm-2. The average porediameter of the membrane sintered at 1200 °C with an initial zeolite content of 25 wt.%, was 33.95 nm.