Analysis of white porcelain samples from gangyanzi and guifangzi kiln sites of the western Xia period
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Scientific analysis of white porcelain unearthed from the Guifangzi and Gangyanzi kiln sites in the Helan Mountains revealsan unusual body composition characterized by high silica and low alumina. The contents of impurity elements such as ironand titanium are particularly low, with iron levels approaching the lowest known values in ancient Chinese ceramic bodies. The glaze composition shows certain similarities to that of the Lingwu kiln, as both belong to the high-temperature calciumglaze system; however, the contents of magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, iron, and titanium are significantly lower thanthose found in Lingwu white porcelain. The firing temperature of the white porcelain from Guifangzi and Gangyanzi isapproximately 1250 °C, and the body is essentially sintered, with evident corrosion of residual quartz and, in some samples,a substantial presence of mullite crystals, indicating a higher firing quality than that of Lingwu kiln products. Due to theexceptionally low levels of iron and titanium impurities, the whiteness of these porcelains is remarkably high, meeting thetraditional aesthetic preference for white ceramics in the Western Xia dynasty.
Abstract
Scientific analysis of white porcelain unearthed from the Guifangzi and Gangyanzi kiln sites in the Helan Mountains revealsan unusual body composition characterized by high silica and low alumina. The contents of impurity elements such as ironand titanium are particularly low, with iron levels approaching the lowest known values in ancient Chinese ceramic bodies. The glaze composition shows certain similarities to that of the Lingwu kiln, as both belong to the high-temperature calciumglaze system; however, the contents of magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, iron, and titanium are significantly lower thanthose found in Lingwu white porcelain. The firing temperature of the white porcelain from Guifangzi and Gangyanzi isapproximately 1250 °C, and the body is essentially sintered, with evident corrosion of residual quartz and, in some samples,a substantial presence of mullite crystals, indicating a higher firing quality than that of Lingwu kiln products. Due to theexceptionally low levels of iron and titanium impurities, the whiteness of these porcelains is remarkably high, meeting thetraditional aesthetic preference for white ceramics in the Western Xia dynasty.