경복궁 자경전 십장생 굴뚝 문양(紋樣)에 대한 재고(再考)

Abstract

The traditional patterns engraved in the palace are representative Korean traditional cultural contents that have infinite expressive potential and are very easy to reproduce and reconstruct. However, if there is an understanding of the source data or uncertainty about the material, it may fall into simple form imitation and distortion. Under this recognition, this study tried to reveal the identity of the pattern material through a comparative analysis of the chimney flower wall pattern of Gyeongbokgung Palace Jagyeongjeon chimney flower wall, which is a representative flower wall pattern in Korea, through literature review, field photo observation, comparative analysis with detailed images drawn based on actual survey design and advice from plant experts. Also, based on the results, an attempt was made to elucidate the compositional characteristics of this icon. The results of this study are as follows. The pattern of ‘Ten longevity symbols part’ is divided into two distinct areas, and among them, three species of birds observed in pairs in the ‘Non-ten longevity symbols part’ are a duck swimming on the water, a kingfisher aiming for a lotus rice, and a two little cuckoo flying in the sky to ‘unite yin and yang (陰阳合一)’ was emphasized. The plant patterns independently expressed in the ‘Ten longevity Symbols part’ are presumed to be Peony, and the other patterns expressed as cloud gates are also judged to be floor plans that are repeatedly expressed using the Peonies as a material. On the other hand, in addition to the previously known lotuses and grapes, the patterns of creeping thistle (Jobaengi), azalea, and horsetail were confirmed for the first time in this study. These patterns are plants with strong vitality and fertility, and they are placed together with lotuses and grapes, which symbolize ‘prosperity of offspring', and can be seen as symbolizing ‘longevity'. On the other hand, the addition of the genitalia of the creeping thistle and the horsetail is a humorous element introduced into the solemn and feminine space. In the Jagyeongjeon’s chimney pattern, there is the sun, clouds, stones, cranes, deer, turtles, pine trees, bamboo, and yeongji (herb of eternal youth). In addition to the nine longevity symbols, the number of patterns was confirmed to be 19. Plant-based patterns such as chrysanthemum, peony, lotus, grape, azalea, creeping thistle, and horsetails and three birds-type patterns such as ducks, little cuckoo and common kingfishers were additionally identified. Gyeongbokgung Palace Jagyeongjeon’s ten long-lived chimney pattern has a strong folklore character, showing nine long-lived chimneys and three pairs of birds of non-seven long-lived chrysanthemums, chrysanthemums and peonies, grapes, kites, and rhododendrons, horsetails, and azaleas. Similarities to <Jangsaenghwajodo> are also found.