이사회의 구성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Formation On the Firm Performance of the Board of Directors
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경영자는 주주의 부를 관리, 증식 시키도록 수탁책임을 맡고 있음에도 불구하고, 자신의 효용을 극대화 시키려는 이기적인 동인을 가지고 있다. 따라서 주주는 경영자가 자기들의 이익에 부합하는 행동을 하는지 감시할 필요가 있으며, 이 역할을 이사회에 일임한다. 기업지배구조의 주축인 이사회는 주주의 이익 극대화라는 목표달성을 위해 주주로부터 기업경영에 관한 모든 권한을 위임받은 기구이며 경영자가 수탁책임을 신의성실 하게 수행하는지 감시 그리고 공조 및 협력을 하게 된다. 그러기 위해서는 이사들은 기업정보에 밝아야 하며 동시에 감시를 효과적으로 하기 위해서는 경영자의 간섭권한 밖에 있어야 할 것이다. 그래서 사외이사를 이사회에 영입 하는데 이들은 내부이사에 비해 기업정보의 열세에 있어 이사 본연의 기능을 수행하는데 한계가 있다. 따라서 이사회는 내부와 사외이사들의 적절한 배합이 필요하나, 경영활동을 감시 및 자문하기 위해서는 각 분야의 전문성을 가진 사외이사가 더 많이 영입이 되어야 할 것이다. 그 결과 이사회규모는 커질 수밖에 없을 것이며, 이는 동시에 비효율성을 동반 한다. 본 연구는 이사회규모의 크기와 사외이사 수의 증가가 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 실증분석을 통해 실시하였으며, 그 결과 이사회규모의 크기나 사외이사 수의 증가는 경영성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다. 특히 사외이사의 증가는 이사회규모의 단순증가 보다 경영성과에 더 큰 영향을 미친다.
Abstract
Management has motives to maximize its utilities at the expense of shareholders' wealth, even though it has fiduciary duties to manage the firm for the shareholders' benefits. The shareholders' need to monitor management stems from conflicts of interests between management(agent) and shareholders(owner), while both try to maximize their satisfactions. To that end, the board of directors has evolved to fulfill monitoring functions. The shareholders elect directors as their representatives to manage their interests in the company. The board of directors is the apex of the corporate governance, whose duties include overseeing, monitoring, advising, controlling, and approving strategies and operation of the business. To discharge its prescribed duties satisfactorily, directors must be qualified and thoroughly knowledgeable about activities and events of the organization. At the same time, directors must be independent of the management for monitoring function. Outside directors into the board enhance independence, but they have less information on the organization's activities and events than inside directors. That information asymmetry may hinder outside directors' ability to serve as expertises. Hence, the proper mixture of inside and outside directors on the board is essential for the efficient and effective functioning of the board. As a consequence, the size of the board gets bigger, which entails inefficiency due to communication gap, work load, slow decision-making, etc. The current study examines the effect of board size and outside directors on performance. The results show that the performance improves as the size increases. So does the outside directors, but with much better effect than mere increase in size.
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