The Effects of Organizational Slack on Technological Innovation: Moderating Effect of Environmental Uncertainty
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Until 1980s, inventory or organizational slack had been regarded as necessary evil in the organizations. Since JIT system was introduced by Toyota in the middle of 1980s, however, organizational slack began to be thought as waste of resources, and sharing resources without organizational slack promptly with business partners was more useful and beneficial. But as recently the high-tech industries, convergence of industries and new technological innovation are more and more important, once again the organizational slack got organizational attention which was necessary to deal with customers’ needs and to get trusts of customers. Especially, since the recent economic crisis in advanced countries such as Europe and Japan lasted for a long time, the issue of organizational slack has become hot and seen more useful, and in some cases, indispensable and necessary for innovation. Accordingly, this empirical research model was designed to analyze the effects of organizational slack on technological innovation focused on the moderating effect of the environmental uncertainty. For this purpose, questionnaire surveys were administered to target manufacturing companies in Korea and the empirical analysis was finally done with the surveys of effective 250 companies. After in-depth analysis of validity, reliability, correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0, we could successfully find two meaningful findings. First, after the firm size and firm age were controlled, both absorbed slack and unabsorbed slack had significantly positive effects on the technological innovation. Second, the environmental uncertainty negatively moderated the relationship between absorbed slack and technological innovation while the environmental uncertainty had no moderating effect between unabsorbed slack and technological innovation. But this research has some limitations of generalization. Especially, as this research was analyzed by limited number and region of samples, more numbers and other regions and even other countries of samples are recommended in the future.
Abstract
Until 1980s, inventory or organizational slack had been regarded as necessary evil in the organizations. Since JIT system was introduced by Toyota in the middle of 1980s, however, organizational slack began to be thought as waste of resources, and sharing resources without organizational slack promptly with business partners was more useful and beneficial. But as recently the high-tech industries, convergence of industries and new technological innovation are more and more important, once again the organizational slack got organizational attention which was necessary to deal with customers’ needs and to get trusts of customers. Especially, since the recent economic crisis in advanced countries such as Europe and Japan lasted for a long time, the issue of organizational slack has become hot and seen more useful, and in some cases, indispensable and necessary for innovation. Accordingly, this empirical research model was designed to analyze the effects of organizational slack on technological innovation focused on the moderating effect of the environmental uncertainty. For this purpose, questionnaire surveys were administered to target manufacturing companies in Korea and the empirical analysis was finally done with the surveys of effective 250 companies. After in-depth analysis of validity, reliability, correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0, we could successfully find two meaningful findings. First, after the firm size and firm age were controlled, both absorbed slack and unabsorbed slack had significantly positive effects on the technological innovation. Second, the environmental uncertainty negatively moderated the relationship between absorbed slack and technological innovation while the environmental uncertainty had no moderating effect between unabsorbed slack and technological innovation. But this research has some limitations of generalization. Especially, as this research was analyzed by limited number and region of samples, more numbers and other regions and even other countries of samples are recommended in the future.
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