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중국 은행서비스에서 충성도에 대한 인지된 위험, 가치일치성, 만족의 구조에 관한 연구

An Examination of the Effects of Perceived Risk, Value Congruency and Satisfaction on Loyalty in the Chinese Banking Industry

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초록

은행서비스의 인지된 위험이 충성도에 직접적인 영향을 주기는 쉽지 않다. 그렇기 때문에 본 연구에서는 인지된 위험과 충성도 사이의 관계를 매개하는 가치 일치성과 만족에 초점을 둔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중국은행서비스 산업에서 인지된 위험에 따른 충성도 형성과정에 대한 프로세스를 구축한다. 특히 중국의 대표적인 은행유형인 국유상업은행과 주식제 상업은행을 거래하는 고객에 대한 충성도 형성과정을 통해 유사점과 차이점을 비교한다. 본 연구의 모형을 측정하기 위하여, 중국의 대도시 은행고객 384명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 조사결과, 두 집단 사이의 가장 큰 차이점은 인지된 위험과 만족 간의 관계이다. 국유상업은행을 거래하는 고객에게 인지된 위험과 만족의 관계는 유의하지 않게 조사되었으나, 주식제 상업은행을 거래하는 고객에게서는 유의한 결과를 나타냄으로써, 완전히 상반된 결과가 도출되었다. 유사성 측면에서 보면, 고객들이 특정 은행을 이용하는 과정에서 얻는 편익과 이를 위해 지불하는 비용간의 상대적인 지각의 일치정도가 긍정적일수록 만족에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 만족은 두 집단에서 특히, 행위적 충성도 보다는 오히려 태도적 충성도에서 강하게 나타났다. 이론적인 관점에서, 중국은행서비스 산업에서 인지된 위험을 받아들이고 이에 적극 대처함으로써, 특정 은행서비스에 대한 만족에 영향을 주는 것은 모든 은행고객에 해당되는 것이 아니라, 특정 은행(주식제 상업은행)을 거래하는 고객들에게만 유효하게 나타났다. 또한 태도적 충성도와 행위적 충성도의 선행관계가 실증분석을 통해 검증되었으나, 태도가 만족과 행위적 충성도를 매개하는 역할도 하기 때문에, 주식제 상업은행 고객들의 충성도 프로세스는 국유상업은행을 거래하는 고객과 확연히 차이가 나는 점이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로, 보다 다양한 시사점이 제공된다.

Abstract

Using two different samples(state-owned commercial bank vs. national joint-stock commercial bank customers) of Chinese banking customers, this study explores whether perceived risk plays an important role in bridging the relationship between value congruency and satisfaction on the loyalty formation. The findings suggest that there is a significant difference of the relationship between perceived risk and satisfaction. Specifically, the relationship is insignificant for state-owned commercial bank customers, wheres it is significant for national joint-stock commercial bank customers. Despite these results, value congruence has a direct effect on satisfaction in both samples. Interestingly, satisfaction has a more strong effect on attitudinal loyalty than on behavioral loyalty in both data. Further research that can build on this work, the challenges that this kind of research presents and the methodologies to help address them are then discussed.

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