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금융자유화가 기업의 투자에 미친 영향: 중국의 전체 기업을 대상으로

The Effects of Financial Liberalization on the Investments of Chinese Firms: An Empirical Study on the Chinese Non-listed Firms

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초록

본 연구는, 중국의 비상장 기업을 포함하는 대규모 자료를 활용하여, 중국 기업들의 투자가 금융제약에 직면해 있는지, 그리고 금융자유화가 그러한 금융제약(만약 존재한다면)을 완화하는데 도움이 되었는지를 실증적으로 검토한다. 이를 위해 중국의 정책적 변화를 반영하는 금융자유화지수를 구축하고, 중국기업들에 대한 오일러 방정식을 추정한다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 실증연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 소유 형태별로 구분할 경우 국유기업과 민간기업 사이에 금융제약 정도와 금융자유화의 효과 모두 서로 상이한 형태를 보이고 있음을 확인하였다. 중국 당국이오랫동안 노정해온 개혁정책에도 불구하고, 중국의 국유기업은 여전히 금융제약에 직면해 있지않고, 그 결과 금융자유화가 이들의 금융제약에 미치는 영향 또한 매우 제한적이다. 둘째, 이와는 대조적으로, 민간기업은 금융제약에 직면해 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 금융자유화는 소규모 기업의 금융제약 완화에 더 크게 기여한 것으로 나타난다. 이러한 연구결과는, 중국의 기업들은 매우 이질적인 성격의 기업들로 구성되어 있고, 그 결과 정책적 효과 또한 상이할 수 있음을 함축하고 있다.

Abstract

Using a vast dataset for the Chinese firms including non-listed firms, this study empirically examines whether investment in Chinese firms faces financial constraints and the financial liberalization has helped to mitigate such financial constraints(if any). For this research purpose, it constructs financial liberalization index (FLI) reflecting China’s policy changes and estimates Euler equations for Chinese firms. It finds that State-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China are not facing financial constraints, which implies that the effects of financial liberalization on financial constraints of SOEs is also limited. In contrast, Chinese private enterprises are under financial constraints and financial liberalization has mitigated them. In particular, financial liberalization appears to have contributed to mitigating the financial constraints of small firms.

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