개방형 혁신 전략에서 개방성(openness)과 전유 전략의 관계에 대한 연구: 국내 중소 제조업을 중심으로
A study on the relationship between openness and appropriation strategy: Focusing on the Korean manufacturing SMEs.
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본 연구는 기업의 전유 전략이 혁신 과정의 개방성에 미치는 영향을 실증 분석하였다. 개방형 혁신 개념을 처음으로 제시한 Chesbrough(2003)는 구성원 이직의 증가, 벤처캐피털의 영향력 증대 등으로 인한 전유성(appropriability)의 저하가 개방형 혁신 모델의 확산을 가져왔음을 주장하였다. 하지만 실제로 개방형 혁신 전략을 수행하고자 하는 개별 기업은 혁신 성과의 의도하지 않은 유출(leakage)을 우려하기 때문에 다양한 전유 수단을 활용하여 혁신의 성과를 보호하기 위해 노력한다. 다시 말해, 전유성은 혁신 과정의 개방성을 증가시키는 요인임과 동시에 제한하는 요인이기도 하다. 이에 본 연구는 한국과학기술정책연구원에서 수행한 한국기업혁신조사(KIS) 자료를 활용하여 기업의 공식적/비공식적 전유 전략의 강도와 혁신 전략의 개방성(외부 협력/외부 정보 원천 활용)의 관계를 통계적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 기업의 전유 전략의 강도와 외부 협력의 폭(breadth)은 정(+)의 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 외부 탐색의 폭은 비공식적 전유 전략과는 유의한 관계(+)가 있는 것으로 분석되었으나, 공식적 전유 전략과는 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 의의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업 수준에서 혁신 과정의 개방성 차이를 지식 유출의 의도치 않은 우려라는 제한 요인 관점에서 설명하여 개방형 혁신의 이해 수준을 높이는데 도움을 주었다. 둘째, 그동안 상대적으로 연구가 부족했던 국내 중소기업 데이터를 활용하였다는 측면에서 실증적인 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the relationship between appropriation strategy and openness in innovation process. Chesbrough(2003), suggested the concept of open innovation, pointed decline of appropriability as a major factor which lead the transition from traditional closed-innovation paradigm to open innovation paradigm. However, because firms, intend to conduct open innovation strategy, concerned about the disclosure of information, they endeavor to protect innovation outcome by utilizing available means of appropriability. This study investigated the relation between the strength of the formal/informal appropriation strategies and openness of innovation strategies(external collaboration/external knowledge source). The results show that appropriability strategy have a positive relationship with breadth of external collaboration. However, breadth of external search have a positive relationship with only formal appropriation strategy. The contribution of this study is as follows. This study helped to raise the understanding level of the open innovation by explaining the difference in the openness of the innovation process in terms of the limitation factor, concerns about leakages. Second, there is an empirical contribution in terms of analyzing domestic SME data, which has been relatively less studied.
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