발해 정효공주묘 동·서 벽화의 재해석

Abstract

Tomb of Princess Chŏnghyo 貞孝公主 is the only Parhae 渤海 tomb that has a mural in it. In addition, its significance gets greater owing to the musician images in the mural. The present writer saw the copy of the mural at the Parhae Relic Exhibition for the first time. As I examined it, I discovered a few problems in the exiting interpretation of the murals on the east and west walls. The purpose of this research is to attempt to reinterpret it, highlighting the musical instruments and chimul 持物 (lit. holding material), which the persons in the murals hold. The conclusion is as follows; Chimul wrapped in a covering cloth, and held by the second person in the mural of the west wall, has been accepted as pakp'an 拍板 (wooden clapper) so far. However, it would look rectangular rather than conical when it's wrapped in a covering cloth. The most likely instrument that is in the shape of cone is 'saeng' 笙 (mouth organ). It has been introduced as a Koguryŏ 高句麗 instrument in the historical documents. There's a case in which it was used in the Unified Silla era. In the year of 725, it was played along with konghu 箜篌 (harp) appeared in a Bramba bell at Sangwŏnsa Temple. Because it's also found along with konghu in the mural of Princess Chŏnghyo Tomb, it's strongly believed to be saeng. Judging from the perfect symmetry of the east and west walls, in terms of the arrangement of the people, the official hats they don and chimul they hold, it's considered that the east and west walls represent the same thing. From this point of view, chimul that the three persons on the east wall hold must be musical instruments because the things that the three persons on the west wall have are musical instruments. They are likely to be tongbal 銅鈸 (a percussion), so 簫 (panpipes), and yogo 腰鼓 (waist drum), respectively. Since the mural of Princess Chŏnghyo Tomb is the only archeological specimens available, it was indispensable to make a through study on the images in it for Korean music study. The further study on Parhae music is anticipated, based upon the result of this research, to find out about what Parhae music shares in common with that of the neighboring countries, such as T'ang 唐 China and the Unified Silla Kingdom, and how unique it is compared with the music of those countries.