사찰벽화 재질 및 상태에 대한 과학적 분석·조사 연구

Abstract

When dismantling the Judgement Hall of Jikji Temple in 1970's, total 9 wall paintings were disassembled and have been stored for the last 30 years.Among these paintings, two wall paintings(Gosainmul-do and Yeonhwa-do) were analyzed and investigated with scientific method, in order to identify the condition and structure of wall paintings and their material characteristics. This is to use the data for the research in future on preservation. As a result of identifying the structure of wall painting based on visual and microscopic inspection, it was found that it followed the typical construction method of temple painting in Joseon Dynasty, where the building was built with clay wall on a laths foundation. Based on infrared analysis, it was also found that old script or a painting has existed, other than the currently visible paintings. However, there was nothing significant. 3D scanning was carried out to record 3-dimensional damage shape. Its damage was clearly identified and put on record. In order to verify the material characteristics of wall painting, an analysis was conducted on pigments that consist colored layers, an additive fiber and soil that was used to construct walls. XRD analysis found that Quartz, Illite and Albite are the main minerals in soil. Besides, it was also possible to see that the wall was built by mixing clay with sands. The particle size distribution for the wall of Inmul-do was about 67% of clay&silt and 33% of sand, which shows that mud is two times more than sands. Yeonhwa-do also showed the similar ratio with 47~56% of clay&silt and 44~53% of sands. As a result of FT-IR analysis on the additive fiber that is mixed with soil paste, a peak was detected, similar to the spectrum of carbonized rice straw. This is due to the fact that rice straws were used mixing with soil paste. To verify the components of pigments, XRF, XRD and SEM-EDS analysis were carried out. It was found that lead white was used for white color, minium was used for red color, malachite was used for green color, and celadonite was used for background color. Also, the condition of deteriorated color layer was identified with the measurement of chromaticity for each color of wall painting.