통도사의 해장보각(海藏寶閣)과 원당에 관한 고찰

Abstract

Tongdosa Temple has many temple buildings to the east and west and mainly consists of three areas. Sangnojeon(上爐殿) is located around Gumgang Stairs and Jungnojeon(中爐殿) by Daegwangmyeongjeon(大光明殿). Hanojeon (下爐殿) includes Yeongsanjeon(靈山殿). Haejangbogak(海藏寶閣) and Gaesanjodang(開山祖堂) are the small buildings with three units each to the west of Yonghwajeon(龍華殿) of Jungnojeon(中爐殿) in the middle of the three areas. Daemunchae and Bonchae make a set and are located in between the existing areas. Soseulsammun at the front is called Gaesanjodang and to the back is Haejangbogak. Soseulsammun used to be encased by a wall and is in the form of a Confucian-style shrine. It has been introduced as a royal buddist shrines as it is an atypical building for temples. Today, Haejangbogak(海藏寶閣) is a type of Josadang(祖師堂) that enshrines the portrait of Priest Jajang(慈藏) who started a new order, so its sign is suitable for the character of the current building. The current study analyzed various records and books of priests in Tongdosaji(通度寺誌) concerning the origin and the development of functions until it received the current name of Haejangbogak(海藏寶閣). In other words, the current building with the sign for Haejangbogak(海藏寶閣) had the name of Chukseonggak(祝聖閣) in charge of royal Buddhist ceremonies at the end of Joseon Dynasty. With the active support of the royal family in 1899, Haeinsa Temple’s Daejanggyeong was enshrined with the sign for Janggyeonggak(藏經閣). Later, the name was changed to Gaesanjodang(開山祖堂) with the portrait of Priest Jajang(慈藏). Therefore, the sign for Haejangbogak was given after the modern times. Wanmun that currently remains at Tongdosa Temple is mainly expressing Tongdosa Temple’s complaints about various labor duties, especially for paper-making, and exploitation in the late Joseon Dynasty. Once it was designated as a royal buddist shrines and given various benefits for exemption of labor and taxes, it was protected by the authority for the local government, schools, and Confucian students to evade exploitation. That is why Tongdosa Temple actively pursued its designation as Wondang. As it was designated as a temple for Suryukjae(水陸齋), a ceremony for the peace of Late King Sunjo, by Queen Sunwonwanghu(純元王后) in 1836, it began services to pray for the deceased as a royal Wondang. Tongdosa Temple maintained solidarity with the royal family and the palace until the end of Joseon Dynasty by performing ceremonies for Queen Sunwonwanghu and Queen Sinjeongwanghu(神貞王后), accepting offerings from Queen Minbi of King Gojong, and interacting with Queen Sunmyeongbi(純明妃) of King Sunjong. By doing so, it continued to function as a temple for Seongsuwichukbonghyang(聖壽爲祝奉香).