김초향창 <적벽가> ‘삼고초려’에 나타난 창법 및 전승양상 고찰

Abstract

Samgoch’oryŏ, the part of Chŏkpyŏkka was recorded on the phonograph by Kim Ch’ohyang who was unique among other female P’ansori singers in the early 20th century. She sang powerfully and with dignity, using p’yŏng-jo without the pandŭrŭm that was popular at the time. It is noteworthy that she succeeded Chŏng Chŏngnyŏl’s Chŏkpyŏkka because her melody and narration of Samgoch’oryŏ, were similar to his. Samgoch’oryŏ, by Kim Ch’ohyang is characterized by p’yŏng-jo with ‘Sol-La-do-re-mi’, ‘Sol-do-re-do’ that is the falling of ‘re’, vibration of ‘re’ and ‘Sol’ and ending of ‘do’. When she performed the story of Yu Hyŏndŏk, she also changed the tone with the characters by coming entering the melody of ‘La-re-mi’. Kim Ch’ohyang used mostly Sigimsae not quite much. That is what she continued ‘re’, rapidly changed to the fourth high tone and back ‘re’ again. She performed a dignified and deliberate atmosphere by slowly bringing her voice down, nearing the end with a Major 2nd up and making it short or ending quickly with ‘re’ and Major 2nd down. She gave the syllable an accent with Major 2nd up or down and finished it getting louder and louder(cresc.). Thus, this vocal technique showed repeatedly in her entire song and it efficiently made her performance strict and spiritual. And it is investigated that the vowel ‘의(ŭi)’ appeared in Samgoch’oryŏ, by Kim Ch’ohyang but it doesn't appear in any p'ansori sasŏl at the present time. It is a characteristic point that the p'ansori singers from Kyŏngsangdo and Seoul, Kyŏnggido except Chŏllado had the tone and accent in the early 20th century. In Samgoch’oryŏ, Chinyang; when one beat has three syllables it contains three sub beats. Two sub beats and three sub beats appear mixed in one beat. Han Sŏngjun directly performed 5‧6 beats omitting 3‧4 beats several times during Kim Ch’ohyang’s performance. It should be considered that he hit 5 beats when he was supposed to hit 3 beats. Chŏng Chŏngnyŏl edited out sasŏl of Samgoch’oryŏ, and moved it from the back part to another for the purpose of perfect composition on the disc sung by Chŏng Chŏngnyŏl. But Kim Ch’ohyang didn't edit and comparatively performed according to being learned. It could be identified that a high meeting point between two singer's sasŏl and the melodies are quite similar, thus from Chŏng Chŏngnyŏl to Kim Ch’ohyang, p'ansori had been handed down. Also, it is recognized that there is a correspondence between both of them, as in sasŏl by Yu Hyŏndŏk, they performed on the exact same melody of La-re-mi.