경주 구황동 塔址의 石塔材 고찰: 異型石塔說에 대한 再論을 중심으로

Abstract

There are 4 images of Vajrapani flagstones similar to those in the tabernacle of first body in Bunhwangsa stone pagoda, and two types of stones, capstone and roof stone, which was a standard pagoda configuration during Unified Silla on the Guhwangdong pagoda site. Andesite and pieces of roof tile have also been found around the site. There are two divided views of estimating the type of composition of the Guhwangdong pagoda site on the basis of these pagoda materials. One is understood to be the same type of Bunhwangsa temple mojeonsoektap(imitation brick pagoda), and the other is the stone pagoda of special form(ehyeonseoktap), which is a mixed shape of a stone brick pagoda and a standard type. In particular, the latter is understood to be andesite, images of Vajrapani flagstone, and standard stone pagoda material. On the other hand, this study shows that images of Vajrapani flagstone and standard stone pagoda material are not used to build a pagoda. In other words, Guhwandong pagoda is composed of images of Vajrapani flagstone, the same material used at Bunwhangsa stone pagoda, and andesite. However, standard stone material is absent in the pagoda on the Guhwagdong pagoda site. To verify this, we first looked at the context of the history during the Japanese occupation by analyzing images of Vajrapani flagstone and standard stone material. Then we studied the possibility of an influx of images of Vajrapani flagstone, and standard pagoda stone, into the original Guhwangdong pagoda site. Then we suggested that it is likely that the standard stone pagoda was constructed using only standard pagoda stone material, of which there was alarge influx at that time. Standard pagodas of similar sizes consist of a body support and tiered roof support(5 level bridging stones). These are found in the standard stone material of the Guhwangdong pagoda site. In addition, the size, proportion, ratio, and style traits of the pagoda stone material are analyzed and compared with standard stone pagodas of Unified Silla. As a result, standard pagoda stone material was determined by the absence of a standard pagoda construction since the ninth century. It illustrates that it is necessary to re-think the reason for the absence of similar styles of pagoda because of the difference in time of images of Vajrapani flagstone on the Guhwangdong pagoda site which is estimated between mid and late 7th century. In addition, the method of leveling of images of Vajrapani flagstone on the Guhwangdong pagoda site is very similar to that of Bunhwangsa stone pagoda. It is also identified the similarity in the size of images of Vajrapani flagstone and width of upper aspect of tabernacle and the size of the tabernacle opening. The size of stone alignments (650x650cm) identified on the the base is also compared to the first body support of imitation brick pagoda in Bunhwangsa temple. Through the presence of andesite recovered from the surroundings of the site, it is speculated that there were stone pagodas similar to the brick-like stone pagoda of Bunhwangsa on the Guhwangdong pagoda site in the mid 7th century. It seems unreasonable to recognize it as a mixed-styled pagoda of standard and imitation brick pagoda considering the scale of Guhwangdong pagoda.