Taming the Tide of Maritime Piracy in Nigeria’s Territorial Waters
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The rising spate of piracy in Nigeria’s territorial waters has become a burden on the economic development of the country. It has adversely affected the exportation of crude oil, which is the mainstay of the country’s economy. Pirates target and hijack vessels carrying oil and gas, thus reducing the revenue accruable to the country from selling these resources. Piracy also affects the fishing industry which is another source of revenue to the country. Nigeria, as an import dependent country, relies on the importation of finished goods, and this is seriously affected by piracy. This study briefly examines the root causes of piracy in Nigeria. Further, the study interrogates the effects of piracy, identifies the challenges in the suppression of the crime and proffers suggestions toward suppressing the crime in the country. Against this backdrop, the study argues, among other things, that an expansive definition of piracy is key in the fight against this maritime crime in Nigeria, because the present legal regime is restrictive and limited in scope, thus, it does not reflect the modern piratical acts. More importantly, Nigeria must criminalise piracy in its domestic law in other to police its territorial waters, capture and prosecute pirates in its local courts.
Abstract
The rising spate of piracy in Nigeria’s territorial waters has become a burden on the economic development of the country. It has adversely affected the exportation of crude oil, which is the mainstay of the country’s economy. Pirates target and hijack vessels carrying oil and gas, thus reducing the revenue accruable to the country from selling these resources. Piracy also affects the fishing industry which is another source of revenue to the country. Nigeria, as an import dependent country, relies on the importation of finished goods, and this is seriously affected by piracy. This study briefly examines the root causes of piracy in Nigeria. Further, the study interrogates the effects of piracy, identifies the challenges in the suppression of the crime and proffers suggestions toward suppressing the crime in the country. Against this backdrop, the study argues, among other things, that an expansive definition of piracy is key in the fight against this maritime crime in Nigeria, because the present legal regime is restrictive and limited in scope, thus, it does not reflect the modern piratical acts. More importantly, Nigeria must criminalise piracy in its domestic law in other to police its territorial waters, capture and prosecute pirates in its local courts.
참고문헌 (58)
- ABS and Security Association for the Maritime Industry, "A Guide to BMP4", ~ (2011)
- Anele K. K., "A Study on Strengthening Control of Maritime Piracy in Nigeria’s Territorial Waters", Maritime Law Review, 26(2) (2014)
- Anyimadu A, "Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea, Lessons Learned from the Indian Ocean", Chatham House (2013)
- Castle John v NV Mabeco, "77 ILR 537", ~ (1986)
- "Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation" (1988)
- Dogarawa L. B, "Sustainable Strategy for Piracy Management in Nigeria", Journal of Management and Sustainability, 3(1) (2013)
- Economic and Financial Crimes, "Establishment", ~ (2004)
- Report of the Petroleum Revenue Special Task Force, "Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources", Ribadu, ~ (2012)
- Guilfoyle D, "Piracy off Somalia: UN Security Council Resolution 1816 and IMO Regional Counterpiracy Efforts", International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 57 (2008)
- Guilfoyle D, "Counter-Piracy Law Enforcement and Human Rights", International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 59 (2010)
- Combatting Transnational Organised Crime at Sea-Following the Money Trail and Pursuing Networks and Organisers of Maritime Crime, "High Level Workshop Report", ~ (2014)
- To Verify and Determine the Actual Subsidy Requirements and Monitor the Implementation of the Subsidy Regime in Nigeria, "House of Representatives Report of the Ad-Hoc Committee", ~, pp.HR.1 (2012), 2012
- Countering Maritime Piracy and Robbery in Southeast Asia: The Role of the ReCAAP Agreement, "Hribernik Miha", European Institute for Asian Studies, ~, pp.2013 (2013), 2
- The Economic Cost of Maritime Piracy, "Hurlburt K", One Earth Future, ~ (2010)
- The Human Cost of Maritime Piracy 2012, "Hurlburt K", Oceans Beyond Piracy, A Project of One Earth Future Foundation, ~ (2013)
- Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships; Report for the Period 1January-31 December, 2013, "ICC International Maritime Bureau", ~ (2014)
- Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships; Report for the Period 1January-30 June 2014, "ICC International Maritime Bureau", ~ (2014)
- "IMO Assembly Resolution A. 1025 (26), Code of Practice for the Investigation of the Crimes of Piracy & Armed Robbery against Ships", ~ (2009)
- "Institute ofCetacean & Others vSea Shepherd ConservationSociety & Another, D.C. No. 2: 11-cv-02043-RAJ" (2014)[URL]
- "Maritime Labour Convention", ~ (2006)
- "Maritime Organisations made up of The Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO), International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), International Association of Dry Cargo Shipowners (INTERCARGO); INTERTANKO and NATO Shipping Centre, “Interim Guidelines for Owners, Operators and masters for Protection against Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea Region,” (To be read in conjunction with BMP4)", ~
- Menefee S. P., "Piracy and Maritime Crime: Historical and Modern Case Studies" (2010), Naval College Press
- "Money Laundering (Prohibition) (Amendment) Act", ~ (2012)
- Montclos M.P, "Maritme Piracy in Nigeria: Old Wine in New Bottles?", Studies in Conflict & Terrorism (2012)
- Nodland A., "Piracy and Maritime Crime: Historical and Modern Case Studies" (2010), Naval College Press
- Nicholas M, "Maritime Security: An Introduction" (2008), Elsevier
- NEITI’s 2012 EITI Report in Compliance with Requirement 21 (c) of the EITI Rules, 2011 Edition, "Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative", ~ (2011)
- "Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency Act", ~ (2007)
- Nincic D, "Maritime Piracy in Africa: The Humanitarian Dimension", African Security Review, 18(3) (2009)
- Okoronkwo U.L, "National Security and Maritime Piracy in Nigeria: A Sociological Discourse", Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 1(2) (2014)
- Onuoha Freedom C, "Piracy and Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea: Trends, Concerns, and Propositions", The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 4(3) (2013)
- Petretto K., "Piracy and Maritime Security: Regional Characteristics and Political, Military, Legal and Economic Implications" (2011), Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik
- "Piracy and Other Unlawful Acts at Sea (and Other Related Offences) Bill", ~ (2008)
- Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia, "ReCAAP", ISC, 2013
- Reuchlin J.W, "The Economic Impacts of Piracy on the Commercial Shipping Industry: A Regional Perspective", DMPP Research Paper (2012)
- Rigged: The Scramble for Africa’s Oil, Gas and Minerals, , Global Witness, ~ (2012)
- "The Correlation betweenMaritime Piracy and Oil Theft: Impact of Illegal Energy Seizure on Global and Regional Economies" (2014)[URL]
- Suritec, "Piracy and Acts of Armed Robbery of Ships April 2014", ~ (2014)
- "Terrorism (Prevention) (Amendment) Act", ~ (2013)
- "The Law of the Sea Convention" (1982)
- "The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea" (2004)
- Treves T, "Piracy, Law of the Sea, and Use of Force: Developments off the Coast of Somalia", The European Journal of International Law, 20(2) (2009)
- "The 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria", ~
- "UNSC Resolution 1851, S", RES, pp.2008 (1851), ~
- "UNSC Resolution 1816, S", RES, pp.2008 (1816), ~
- "UNSC Resolution 1846, S", RES, pp.2008 (1846), ~
- "UNSC Resolution 1897, S", RES, pp.2009 (1897), ~
- "UNSC Resolution 2125, S", RES, pp.2013, ~
- "UNSC Resolution 2039, S", RES, pp.2012, ~
- "UNSC Resolution 2077, S", RES, pp.2012, ~
- Full Report on Nigeria, "U.S Energy Information Administration", ~ (2013)
- Wilson G, "The Nigerian State and Oil Theft in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria", Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 16(1) (2014)
- (2014)[URL]