국내 항만의 선박 대기율 실증 분석 연구
An Analysis of Ship’s Waiting Ratio in the Korean Seaports
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초록
항만 혼잡은 항만의 서비스 경쟁력 및 선화주의 항만 선택 요인으로 중요하게 인식된다. 우리나라 항만의 현행 체선지표인 체선율은 항만별 선박척수 비율로 단순 산정되어 항만의 고객인 선화주의 항만 선택 결정 및 항만관리자의 항만 개발 및 관리․운영 정책 수립 의사결정에 제한적으로 활용된다. 본 연구는 항만운영정보시스템과 해상교통관제시스템 원시자료를 활용하여 우리나라 항만의 선박 입출항 서비스 수준을 측정하고자 약 10년간의 부두별, 선종별 대기율을 산정하였다. 컨테이너선박의 대기율은 4% 미만, 비컨테이너선박의 대기율은 15% 미만으로 UNCTAD, OECD에서 제시한 적정 수준을 만족했다. 대기율 분석 결과, 포항항이 57%로 가장 높았고, 세부 부두별로는 포항 신항의 1부두, 8부두, 4부두, 5부두, 선종별로는 철강재운반선, 일반화물선, 산물선(벌크선) 등의 순으로 높았다. 선박의 접안시간에 대한 묘박지 대기시간의 비율로 측정되는 대기율과 함께 선석점유율, 선박 대기 척수 및 시간 등은 항만 고객의 관점에서 항만별․부두별 서비스 수준을 평가할 수 있는 유용한 지표이고, 나아가 항만관리자의 항만 투자의사결정이나 관리․운영 정책 수립에 중요한 지표로 활용될 수 있다.
Abstract
Port congestion has been recognized as one of the critical factors for port service competitiveness and port selection criteria. However, congestion ratio, the congestion index currently used by Korea, plays a very limited role in shipping companies’ and shippers’ selection of port and port authorities’ decision making regarding port management and development. This is mainly due to the fact that this ratio is only calculated as the ratio of the number of vessels by each port. Therefore, this study aims to measure service level related to vessel entry and departure in Korea ports by evaluating waiting ratio(WR) according to terminals and vessel types. The results demonstrate that the waiting ratio of containerships and non-containerships is less than 4% and 15% respectively, which satisfies the reasonable level suggested by the UNCTAD and OECD. Port of Pohang is revealed to have the highest WR of 57% and among the terminals, No. 1 Terminal of the Shinhang area has the highest WR. In terms of ship types, WR of Steel Product Carrier is highest, followed by General Cargo Ship and Bulk Carrier at the Pohang Shinhang area. In addition to WR, berth occupancy ratio as well as the number and time of waiting vessels can be utilized to evaluate service level by ports and terminals from port users’ perspective, and furthermore, to improve the port management and development policy for port managers or authorities.
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