어머니의 인구학적 특성, 정서성, 부부갈등 및 양육관련 변인이 유아의 애착에 미치는 영향
The effects of mother’s demographic characteristics,emotionality, marital conflicts and parenting related variables on preschool attachment
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본 연구는 수도권 지역에 소재한 유치원에 재원중인 만 3~5세 유아 156명과 그들의 어머니 156명을 대상으로 애착에 영향을 미치는 어머니 변인(어머니의 인구학적 특성, 정서성, 부부갈등 및 양육관련 변인(양육효능감, 양육스트레스, 양육행동))과 유아기 애착의 행동특성의 관계성을 알아보는 데 목적이 있었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 14.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계치 및 Pearson 적률상관계수를 산출하였고, 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 어머니의 교육수준이 높고, 정서가 긍정적이며 부부갈등을 적게 경험할수록 유아의 애착은 안정적이며, 양육효능감이 높을수록, 양육스트레스가 낮을수록, 온정․수용적인 양육행동이 높을수록, 거부·제재적, 허용·방임적 양육행동이 낮을수록 유아의 애착은 안정적인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 행동 특성과의 관계성은 순응 행동에 대하여 부부갈등과 발달적응 스트레스가, 까다로운 행동에 대해서는 어머니의 발달적응 스트레스와 허용․방임적인 양육행동이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 신체적 접촉 행동에는 어머니의 전반적 양육효능감과 학습지도능력에 대한 효능감, 정신적 스트레스, 거부·제재적인 양육행동이 유의한 영향을 미치며, 정서적 공유 행동에 대해서는 경제적 스트레스가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 안전기반 행동에 대해서는 관련변인들이 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다.
Abstract
This study examines how attachment and attachment behaviors in preschoolers are affected by variables related to mothers, such as a mother’s demographic characteristics, emotionality, marital conflicts and to parenting‐related variables according to the sub‐factors of attachment (conformity behavior, secure‐based behavior, difficulty behavior, physical contact behavior, and emotional sharing behavior). The collected data were analyzed by Descriptive Statistics, Pearson's Correlations and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis using the SPSS WIN 14.0 program. The findings of this study are 1)that preschooler's attachment was more stable when the mother’s education level was high, her emotion was positive, her experience in marital conflicts was low, and it was more stable when the mother’s parenting efficacy was high, and when rejecting - punitive and permissive - negligent parenting behavior was low. With regard to the effects of mother - related variables on preschool attachment, the study finds 2)that the children’s attachment was affected by the mother’s stress from the child’s developmental adaptation and marital conflict; conformity behavior was affected by marital conflict and stress from the child’s developmental adaptation, and difficult behavior was. in turn, affected by the stress from the child’s developmental adaptation and permissive‐negligent parenting behavior. In addition, physical contact behavior was affected significantly by the mother’s overall parenting efficacy, efficacy in teaching, mental stress, and rejecting‐punitive parenting behavior, and emotional sharing behavior was affected by economic stress. However, safety‐based behavior was not affected significantly by any of these variables.
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