寶雲義通의 생애를 통해서 본 高麗 · 中國의 天台佛敎 - 10세기 중국 天台敎學의 발전을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The eminent monk Bounuitong(寶雲義通), who became the 13th patriarch of Cheontaejong(天台宗) due to producing a worthy achievements in the history of Chinese Cheontaejong, was born in Koryo(高麗), in 927 and went over to China at the age of twenty, in 947 or thereabouts. When the monk Uitong lived in Koryo, it was in a state of political disorder because of a period of internal disorder for the unification of the Later Three Kingdoms, so the growth of Cheontae(天台) studies in Koryo was depressed at that time. Therefore, Uitong was the monk who went to the southern China, Owol(吳越) nation, for the purpose of studying the way of the Buddha. Uitong had learned Son(禪) from the monk Cheontaedukso(天台德韶) and Cheontae studies from the monk Nagaeuijeok(螺溪義寂) for about twenty years(947～968) after arriving in Owol. During this time, active cultural exchange through Buddhism between Koryo and China prospered. For good examples, the monk Jijong(智宗) from Koryo, who arrived in Owol in 959, learned Beopanson(法眼禪) from Youngmyongyunsu(永明延壽) and Cheontae studies from the monk Jungkwang(淨光). Jijong enhanced his reputation as the scholar of Cheontae studies there, and after that returning to his country, in 970, he introduced Cheontae studies of China into Koryo. Invited by the king of Owol, Junhongsuk(錢弘俶), Koryo envoy Jaegwan(諦觀) went over to the nation in 961, and handed Cheontae publications there which had been destroyed at the time of chaotic Five Dynasties in China. He was dispatched as a cultural envoy by Koryo government for imparting Koryo Cheontae studies to China differently from Uitong and Jijong. Writing the Cheontaesakyoui (天台四敎儀) which was estimated as a immortal work in the history of Cheontae studies, he died there in 970 or thereabouts. Having given up the idea of returning to Koryo by Junyuchi (錢惟治)'s persuasion, Uitong stayed at Junkyowon(傳敎院) for twenty years(968～988) and then produced brilliant achievements in the history of Cheontaejong as he educated many pupils. He had two pupils named Beopjijirae(法智知禮) and Jaunjunsik(慈雲遵式) among many eminent pupils at that time. Jirae studied Cheontae studies and taught it eagerly, while Junsik disciplined himself and practiced what he had learned. Especially the 14th patriarch of Cheontaejong(天台宗), Jirae succeeding to Uitong called his group Sanga(山家) group, regarded it as the orthodox school. On the other hand he called the other group Sanuae(山外) group and criticized its theory. The controversy between two groups had been constant since Jirae generation, eventually Sanwae(山外) group became the orthodox school of Cheontaejong by group's continuous succession. Cheontaejong in China was restored in the North Song(北宋) period by the lasting contro- versy between two groups. And it was Uitong who had them form the basis of this controversy. Therefore, the restoration of Cheontaejong in China started from Uitong's teaching at Junkyowon, and then reached its zenith at the age of his pupil generation, the North Song(北宋) period. Because of this point, the position of Uitong in the history of Cheontaejong in China has significant meanings.