映湖 朴漢永의 抗日運動

Abstract

Yeong Ho(映湖) Pak-Hanyeong(朴漢永) had taken an energetic role as a eminent priest and reformer in modern history of Korean Buddhism under the rule of Japanese Imperialism. He believed firmly that Buddhist’s path to restore Korean Buddhism should not only cultivate talented men in Buddhist circles but also propagate Buddhism toward the Korean people. Besides this, he indicated that several causes impede the matureness and development of Korean Buddhism were self-pride, idleness, ego-centric mind, stinginess, and the lack of religious purification. However he believed that Buddhism could be the more proper religion in the future and the philosophy of Hua-yen(華嚴) would unify the Pluralization among Korean religion, culture, and science. To Buddhist society Pak Han-yeong’s critical claim had lead the reform of modern Korean Buddhism, identified Korean Buddhism, and developed anti-Japanese campaign. The movements to popularize Imje Sect(臨濟宗運動) which he and Yong-un Han(韓龍雲) had practiced guided for an upcoming aggressive response against the invasion of Japanese Buddhism or for the great awaken movement against Korean Buddhist circles, which had leaned toward Japanese Buddhism. The reform movement of Buddhism actualized into the activities of Buddhist young men’s Association(佛敎靑年會) and Buddhist Association for reunification of Revitalizing Reform(佛敎維新會). The Former resisted the pro-Japanization of thirty main temple of Buddhist sect. On the other hand the latter concentrated one’s energies on abolition against the temple Act promulgated by the Japanese Government, which encouraged estrangement between members of Korean Buddhist circles. Pak-Hanyeong took part in positively the campaign of restoring National Right as well as the resistance movement against Japanese imperialism. When Provisional Government was built at Seoul in april 1919, as representative of Buddhism circles he and Chong-Ouk Rhee(李鍾郁) affixed their signature to official paper named “the people meeting’s prospectus.” When the naval disarmament conference was held in washington in november 1921, he also signed his name to the other official paper titled “official document that All Korean people send into the Pacific Conference,” The gist of this official paper was included the following fact: All Korean people want the independence of Korea and the a fully self-governing state. Furthermore this paper that nation’s representatives and leaders from various circles had signed petitioned that all nations in world should make effort on the independence and liberation of Korea. His consciousness to uphold the orthodoxy and identification of Korean Buddhism made no difference with independence movement. After all Pak-Hanyeong not limited his mission to the reform of Korean Buddhism but expanded his duty into the defence movement of Korea people.