참회를 제재로 한 신라 문학과 불교의 관련 양상

Abstract

This study attempted to investigate ‘repentance’ in early-stage Korean literature since Buddhism was introduced to Korea. The effects of Buddhism on Korean literature during the ancient times are enormous. In early-stage Buddhism, ‘repentance’ was emphasized due to monk Won Gwang’s activity and trend of Jeomchal Dharma Meeting. Therefore, diverse genres such as a folk story about a person in repentance, concern over language expression, gatha and hyangga (old Korean folk songs) have emerged. First, let’s take a close look at folk stories on figures. For those with less influence such as a layman or monk, repentance was a turning point to make up for a mistake and get another opportunity. In case of preeminent priests, on the contrary, a chance for repentance may not be given, or its effects would not be seen directly. Hence, it is hard to say that stricter rules were applied to such venerable monks only. Instead, it is reasonable to understand that a sin from arrogance on one’s merit couldn’t overcome even through repentance. Meanwhile, narrators from hyangga believed that those expressed through language are immediately realized in reality. In Buddhism, there is a lesson that denies and at the same time accepts language effects. In fact, it is closely related with hyangga narrators’ belief. In particular, many paradoxical metaphors and representations were shown through Buddhist canonical literature, and they made a contribution to the growth of lyric poetry including hyangga. For example, “Pungyo (Folk song)” reveals a boundary beyond fine arts, literature and philosophy. Furthermore, “Wonwangsaengga (‘song to pray for rebirth in paradise’)” hints the appearance of a poetic narrator who differs from an author along with the empathy of the audience regarding the experience of repentance. It can be understood as the achievement accomplished with the use of language for dissemination as well as for teaching through Buddhist doctrine.