"압살롬, 압살롬"의 생태비평적 읽기: 환경과 인종의 문제
Faulkner’s Ecological Awareness in Absalom, Absalom!
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The purpose of this study is to present a new point of view by combining ecocriticism with the study of nature and race in Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom!. Earlier ecocriticism revealed two limitations in focusing on ‘nature literature’, which is mainly composed of essays based on the observation of and reflection on nature. First, it was criticized in that it overlooked the social and political relationships implicated in nature, due to its obsession with ‘pure’ nature. Second, earlier ecocriticism’s exclusive concern on nature resulted in reducing its applicability to various literary genres including novels and neglecting various social environments in the analysis. Therefore, there have been recent attempts to introduce gender and race in ecocriticism. Considering such change in ecocriticism, Faulkner’s ecological awareness requires to be reestimated. He shows the recognition that the abuse of other races and the exploitation of nature in the South have the same root in the formation of the Euro-American self through the separation and appropriation of the Others. Thus, this study analyzes Absalom, Absalom! to reveal Faulkner’s ecological ideas. In Absalom, Absalom!, Thomas Sutpen builds his kingdom through the violent exploitation and appropriation of nature and other races. However, Sutpen’s plan inevitably causes his downfall, for it denies the interrelationship of the subject and the Others and separates the two. Faulkner contemplates, through Sutpen’s downfall, the history of violence wherein Southern society had exploited and destroyed nature and other races and reveals the unsustainability of the society that ignores the interrelationship between the subject and nature and other races.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to present a new point of view by combining ecocriticism with the study of nature and race in Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom!. Earlier ecocriticism revealed two limitations in focusing on ‘nature literature’, which is mainly composed of essays based on the observation of and reflection on nature. First, it was criticized in that it overlooked the social and political relationships implicated in nature, due to its obsession with ‘pure’ nature. Second, earlier ecocriticism’s exclusive concern on nature resulted in reducing its applicability to various literary genres including novels and neglecting various social environments in the analysis. Therefore, there have been recent attempts to introduce gender and race in ecocriticism. Considering such change in ecocriticism, Faulkner’s ecological awareness requires to be reestimated. He shows the recognition that the abuse of other races and the exploitation of nature in the South have the same root in the formation of the Euro-American self through the separation and appropriation of the Others. Thus, this study analyzes Absalom, Absalom! to reveal Faulkner’s ecological ideas. In Absalom, Absalom!, Thomas Sutpen builds his kingdom through the violent exploitation and appropriation of nature and other races. However, Sutpen’s plan inevitably causes his downfall, for it denies the interrelationship of the subject and the Others and separates the two. Faulkner contemplates, through Sutpen’s downfall, the history of violence wherein Southern society had exploited and destroyed nature and other races and reveals the unsustainability of the society that ignores the interrelationship between the subject and nature and other races.
참고문헌 (35)
- 신문수, "장소․인간․생태적 삶", 문학과 환경, 6(1), pp.57~59 (2007)
- Bauer, Margaret D, "Hank Morgan Finds the Flaw in Sutpen’s “Design”: Southern: American: Human", South Central Review, 57(3), pp.53~59 (1988)
- Bercovitch,Sacvan, "Rites of Assent" (1993), Routledge
- Bleikasten,Andre, "Sutpen as Patriarch, in Critical Essays on William Faulkner: The Sutpen Family" (1996), G. K. Hall
- Blotner,Joseph, "Selected Letters of William Faulkner" (1978), Vintage Books
- Bookchin,Murray, "The Ecology of Freedom" (1982), Cheshire Books
- Buell,Lawrence, "Faulkner and the Claims of the Natural World, in Faulkner and the Natural World" (1996), Univ. Press of Mississippi
- Elder,John, "Imaging the Earth:Poetry and the Vision of Nature" (1985), U of Illinois Press
- Faulkner,William, "Absalom, Absalom!" (1986), Vintage International
- Glotfelty,Cheryll, "Introduction: Literary Studies in an Age of Environmental Crisis, in The Ecocriticism Reader" (1996), Univ. of Georgia Press
- Godden, Richard, "Absalom, Absalom!, Haiti and Labor History: Reading Unreadable Revolutions", ELH, 61(3), pp.85~720 (1994)
- Gurtel, Mattew Pratt, "“I went to the West Indies”: Race, Place, and the Antebellum South", American Literary History, 18(3), pp.446~467 (2006)
- Hicks, Scott, "W. E. B. DuBois, Booker T. Washington and Richard Wright: Toward and Ecocriticism of Color", Callaloo, 29(1), pp.202~224 (2006)
- Howarth,William, "Some Principles of Ecocriticism, in The Ecocriticism Reader" (1996), Univ. of Georgia Press
- Leopold,Aldo, "Sand County Almanac" (2001), Oxford University Press
- Long, Mark C, "Ecocriticism as a Practice Reading", Reader, 53(2), pp.4~20 (2005)
- Love,A.Glen, "Revaluing Nature: Toward an Ecological Criticism, in The Ecocriticism Reader" (1996), University of Georgia Press
- Lowe, John, "Calypso Magnolia : The Caribbean Side of the South", South Central Review, 22(1), pp.54~80 (2005)
- Lutwark,Leonard, "The Role of Place in Literature" (1984), Syracuse UP
- Mazel,David, "American Literary Environmentalism as Domestic Orientalism, in The Ecocriticism Reader" (1996), Univ. of Georgia Press
- Merriwether, James B, "Lion in the Garden: Interviews with William Faulkner, 1926-1962" (1968), University of Nebraska Press
- Myers,Jefferey, "Converging Stories" (2005), The University of Georgia Press
- Philkington,John, "Nature’s Legacy to William Faulkner, in The South & Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha: The Actual and the Apocryphal" (1977), University Press of Mississippi
- Railey,Kevin, "Natural Aristocracy: history, ideology, and the production of William Faulkner" (1999), Alabama UP
- Relph,Edward, "Place and Placeness" (1976), Pion
- Sanders,Scott Russel, "Speaking a Word for Nature, in The Ecocriticism Reader" (1996), University of Georgia Press
- Shiva,Vandana, "Staying Alive:Women,Ecology and Development" (1988), Zed Books
- Sivils, Matthew Wynn, "Faulkner’s Ecological Disturbances", The Mississippi Quarterly, 59(3), pp.489~503 (2006)
- Sundquist,Eric, "The House Divided" (1983), John Hopkins University Press
- Tichi, Cecilia, "“Old Man”: Shackles, Chains, and Water Water Everywhere, in Faulkner and the Ecology of the South" (2003), Univ. Press of Mississippi
- Towner,Theresa, "Unsurprised flesh: Color, Race, and Identity in Faulkner’s Fiction, in Faulkner and the Natural World" (1996), Univ. Press of Mississippi
- Turner, Frederick Jackson, "The Frontier in American History" (1996), Dover
- Twelve Southerners, "I’ll Take My Stand" (1962), Harper
- Westling,Louise, "Thomas Sutpen’s Marriage to the Dark Body of the Land, in Faulkner and the Natural World" (1996), University. Press of Mississippi
- White,Lynn, "The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis, in The Ecocriticism Reader" (1996), Univ. of Georgia Press