The Emergence of Intrusive-r in English Place-Names Ending in -wich
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The main thrust of this study is to investigate and elucidate the essential nature of English place-names ending in -wich, focusing on the phonological relationship between root-final /r/ and suffix-initial /w/. The pronunciation of the names can be divided into two types: w-deletion or not. If a suffix -wich is attached to a sonorant-final base, /w/ is deleted as in Greenwich [grinɪʧ] and Woolwich [wulɪʧ]. Otherwise, it is not deleted as in Ipswich [ɪpswɪʧ] and Droitwich [drɔɪtwɪʧ]. However, Middlewich and Combwich exhibit different behavior in that they are pronounced as [mɪdlwɪʧ] *[mɪdlɪʧ] and [kʌmɪʧ] *[kʌmbwɪʧ], respectively. More interestingly, the fact that Norwich and Harwich in non-rhotic areas are pronounced as [nɔrɪʧ] and [hɑrɪʧ], instead of *[nɔ.wɪʧ] and *[hɑ.wɪʧ], leads to confusion. In order to solve the puzzle, this study proposes that intrusive-r is emerged in the process, especially in the case of r-deletion during the base-formation. Finally, this paper shows that the phonological behavior in English place-names ending in -wich can be successfully formalized within the framework of both rule-based and constraint-based theories.
Abstract
The main thrust of this study is to investigate and elucidate the essential nature of English place-names ending in -wich, focusing on the phonological relationship between root-final /r/ and suffix-initial /w/. The pronunciation of the names can be divided into two types: w-deletion or not. If a suffix -wich is attached to a sonorant-final base, /w/ is deleted as in Greenwich [grinɪʧ] and Woolwich [wulɪʧ]. Otherwise, it is not deleted as in Ipswich [ɪpswɪʧ] and Droitwich [drɔɪtwɪʧ]. However, Middlewich and Combwich exhibit different behavior in that they are pronounced as [mɪdlwɪʧ] *[mɪdlɪʧ] and [kʌmɪʧ] *[kʌmbwɪʧ], respectively. More interestingly, the fact that Norwich and Harwich in non-rhotic areas are pronounced as [nɔrɪʧ] and [hɑrɪʧ], instead of *[nɔ.wɪʧ] and *[hɑ.wɪʧ], leads to confusion. In order to solve the puzzle, this study proposes that intrusive-r is emerged in the process, especially in the case of r-deletion during the base-formation. Finally, this paper shows that the phonological behavior in English place-names ending in -wich can be successfully formalized within the framework of both rule-based and constraint-based theories.
참고문헌 (19)
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