The Amelioration of Anxiety Sensitivity by Cognitive Defusion Techniques: A Focus on the Fear of Respiratory Symptoms
0
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) refers to the tendency to fear of anxiety-related sensations. Catastrophic interpretation of bodily sensation is the major characteristic of AS. Cognitive Defusion (CD), the key process of acceptance and commitment therapy, is to prevent suffering from one's own thoughts (i.e., Cognitive Fusion) and aims to make people aware that a thought is just a thought and a feeling is just a feeling. To investigate CD's effects on AS, this study focused on fear of respiratory symptoms (FRS), one of the sub-components of AS, and examined whether FRS can be conceptualized as Cognitive Fusion (CF) and whether CD can ameliorate FRS. Female college students who scored in the top 75 percentile or the bottom 25 percentile in their FRS scores were invited (28 people for each group) to participate in the experiment among 329 preliminary survey respondents. Two groups (high FRS and low FRS) showed significant differences in all scales related with CF. Afterwards, half of both groups were given CD intervention while the remaining were allotted into a control condition. After intervention, the changes of FRS and other measures measuring CF were analyzed. Results showed that CD decreased FRS and believability of a negative thought during a breath-holding task only in high FRS group, but increased willingness and breath-holding duration for both high and low FRS groups. In this regard, the present study suggests that even a short intervention, such as CD focusing on disconnecting a catastrophic thought process, can ameliorate AS.
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) refers to the tendency to fear of anxiety-related sensations. Catastrophic interpretation of bodily sensation is the major characteristic of AS. Cognitive Defusion (CD), the key process of acceptance and commitment therapy, is to prevent suffering from one's own thoughts (i.e., Cognitive Fusion) and aims to make people aware that a thought is just a thought and a feeling is just a feeling. To investigate CD's effects on AS, this study focused on fear of respiratory symptoms (FRS), one of the sub-components of AS, and examined whether FRS can be conceptualized as Cognitive Fusion (CF) and whether CD can ameliorate FRS. Female college students who scored in the top 75 percentile or the bottom 25 percentile in their FRS scores were invited (28 people for each group) to participate in the experiment among 329 preliminary survey respondents. Two groups (high FRS and low FRS) showed significant differences in all scales related with CF. Afterwards, half of both groups were given CD intervention while the remaining were allotted into a control condition. After intervention, the changes of FRS and other measures measuring CF were analyzed. Results showed that CD decreased FRS and believability of a negative thought during a breath-holding task only in high FRS group, but increased willingness and breath-holding duration for both high and low FRS groups. In this regard, the present study suggests that even a short intervention, such as CD focusing on disconnecting a catastrophic thought process, can ameliorate AS.
참고문헌 (34)
- Blackledge, J., "Disrupting verbal processes: Cognitive defusion in acceptance and commitment therapy and other mindfulness-based psychotherapies", The Psychological Record, 57, pp.555~576 (2007)
- Campbell-Sills, L., "Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders", Behaviour Research & Therapy, 44, pp.1251~1263 (2006)
- Chioqueta, A. P., "Norwegian version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire: A reliability and validity study", Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 33, pp.79~82 (2004)
- Clark, D. M., "A cognitive approach to pa", Behaviour Research & Therapy, 24, pp.461~470 (1986)
- Deacon, B., "Anxiety sensitivity and its dimensions across the anxiety disorders", Anxiety Disorders, 20, pp.837~857 (2006)
- Eifert, G. H., "Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders: A practitioner's treatment guide using mindfulness, acceptance, and values based behavior change strategies" (2005), New Harbinger
- Greco, L., "Psychological inflexibility in childhood and adolescence: Development and evaluation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth", Psychological Assessment, 20, pp.93~102 (2008)
- Hayes, S. C., "Get out of your mind and into your life: The new acceptance & commitment therapy" (2005), New Harbinger
- Hayes, S. C., "Relational frame theory: A post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition", pp.2001, Kluwer Academic
- Hayes, S. C., "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: model, processes, and outcomes", Behaviour Research & Therapy, 44, pp.1~25 (2006)
- Hayes, S. C., "Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change" (1999), Guilford Press
- Healy, H., "An experimental test of cognitive defusion exercise coping with negative and positive self-statements", The Psychological Record, 58, pp.623~640 (2008)
- Hollon, S. D., "Cognitive self statements in depression: Development of an automatic thoughts questionnaire", Cognitive Therapy & Research, 4, pp.383~395 (1980)
- Keogh, C., "experimental analysis of cognitive defusion", Paper presented at the Second World Conference on ACT, RFT, and Contextual Behavioural Science (2006)
- Keogh, E., "Investigating the effect of anxiety sensitivity, gender, and negative interpretative bias on the perception of chest pain", Pain, 111, pp.209~217 (2004)
- 김지혜, "한국어 확장판 불안 민감도 지수의 타당화 연구", 신경정신의학, 43(1), pp.54~61 (2004), 대한신경정신의학회
- Kwon, S. M., "Development and application of Korean version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire", Students Research, 29(1), pp.10~25 (1994)
- Masuda, A., "Cognitive defusion and self-relevant negative thoughts: Examining the impact of a ninety year old technique", Behaviour Research & Therapy, 42, pp.477~485 (2004)
- McNally, R. J., "Anxiety sensitivity, suffocation fear, and breath -holding duration as predictors of response to carbon dioxide challenge", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, pp.146~149 (1996)
- Moon, H. M, "Development and validation of the program for facilitation of psychological acceptance based on Acceptance & commitment therapy model", 박사, pp.2006
- Naragon-Gainey, K., "Meta-analysis of the relations of anxiety sensitivity to the depressive and anxiety disorders", Psychological Bulletin, 136, pp.128~150 (2010)
- Nardi, A. E., "Comparison between hyperventilation and breath-holding in panic disorder: Patients responsive and non -responsive to both tests", Psychiatry Research, 142, pp.201~208 (2006)
- Noh, H. J., "The effect of acceptance-based treatment and anxiety sensitivity on anxious responding to a hyperventilation challenge procedure", 석사, pp.2007
- Perna, G., "Sensitivity to 35% CO2 in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with panic disorder", American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, pp.623~625 (1995)
- Pierce, C. A., "Cautionary note on reporting eta -squared values from multifactor ANOVA designs", Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64, pp.916~924 (2004)
- Reiss, S., "Expectancy model of fear. in: Theoretical issues in behavior therapy", pp.107~121 (1985), Academic Press
- Schmidt, N. B., "Anxiety Sensitivity Amelioration Training (ASAT): A longitudinal primary prevention program targeting cognitive vulnerability", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, pp.302~319 (2007)
- Schmidt, N. B., "Role of fear of fear and safety information in moderating the effects of voluntary hyperventilation", Behavior Therapy, 25, pp.197~208 (1994)
- Schmidt, N. B., "Anxiety sensitivity: Prospective prediction of panic attacks and Axis I pathology", Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40, pp.691~699 (2006)
- Schneider, R., "Catastrophic associations predict level of change in anxiety sensitivity in response to cognitive-behavioural treatment for panic", Behaviour Research & Therapy, 46, pp.557~572 (2008)
- Stewart, S., "Gender differences in dimensions of anxiety sensitivity", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, pp.179~200 (1997)
- Taylor, S., "An expanded Anxiety Sensitivity Index: Evidence for a hierarchic structure in a clinical sample", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 12, pp.463~483 (1998)
- Teachman, B. A., "Information processing and anxiety sensitivity: Cognitive vulnerability to panic reflected in interpretation and memory biases", Cognitive Therapy & Research, 29, pp.479~499 (2005)
- Zvolensky, M. J., "Emotional control during recurrent 20% carbon dioxide-enriched air induction: Relation to individual difference variables", Emotion, 2, pp.148~165 (2001)