딕슨과의 상호작용이 홉킨스의 시에 미친 영향
The Influence of Hopkins Interaction with Dickson on His Poetry
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This essay aims to analyze the influence of the literary interaction between Hopkins and Dixon on Hopkins’ poetry. Hopkins, a Jesuit priest and poet, had a long letter correspondence with Richard Watson Dixon, an Anglican priest and poet. Hopkins praised most of Dixon’s poetry, but disapproved of “Life and Death” and “Dust and Wind” on the grounds of them being pagan, not effectively reflecting ancient philosophies and not presenting a single pure image. Hopkins went on to create new poems by improving on the shortcomings he criticized Dickson for. Hopkins’ “Spelt from Sibyl’s Leaves,” surpassing the simplicity in Dixon’s “Life and Death” portrays an even more complex image of life while better capturing the dichotomous nature of the world, which is the essence of Heraclitean philosophy. Also, Hopkins’ “That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire and of the comfort of the Resurrection” is the counterpart of Dixon’s “Dust and Wind.” Instead of accepting Empedocles’ theory of the four-elements and Lucretius’s atomic theory as Dixon did, Hopkins, by sublimating fire into an absolute as did Heraclitus, describes a resurrection governed not by the laws of atoms but by the laws of Christianity. Thus the interaction with Dickson stimulated Hopkins’ desire to prove himself as both a Christian poet and classicist.
Abstract
This essay aims to analyze the influence of the literary interaction between Hopkins and Dixon on Hopkins’ poetry. Hopkins, a Jesuit priest and poet, had a long letter correspondence with Richard Watson Dixon, an Anglican priest and poet. Hopkins praised most of Dixon’s poetry, but disapproved of “Life and Death” and “Dust and Wind” on the grounds of them being pagan, not effectively reflecting ancient philosophies and not presenting a single pure image. Hopkins went on to create new poems by improving on the shortcomings he criticized Dickson for. Hopkins’ “Spelt from Sibyl’s Leaves,” surpassing the simplicity in Dixon’s “Life and Death” portrays an even more complex image of life while better capturing the dichotomous nature of the world, which is the essence of Heraclitean philosophy. Also, Hopkins’ “That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire and of the comfort of the Resurrection” is the counterpart of Dixon’s “Dust and Wind.” Instead of accepting Empedocles’ theory of the four-elements and Lucretius’s atomic theory as Dixon did, Hopkins, by sublimating fire into an absolute as did Heraclitus, describes a resurrection governed not by the laws of atoms but by the laws of Christianity. Thus the interaction with Dickson stimulated Hopkins’ desire to prove himself as both a Christian poet and classicist.
참고문헌 (22)
- 김연규, "홉킨스가 동시대 시에 미친 영향: 홉킨스와 딕슨의 서간문을 중심으로", 영어영문학연구, 63(3), pp.23~45 (2021), 한국중앙영어영문학회[DOI]
- 서정욱, "엠페도클레스에 있어서 논리와 존재의 문제", 한국동서철학회 논문집, 18, pp.133~147 (1999)
- 프리도, 릭켄, "고대 그리스 철학" (2000), 서광사
- 티머시, 힐턴, "19세기 복고주의 운동: 라파엘 전파" (2006), 시공사
- Arkins, Brian, "Heraclitean Fire : Greek Themes in Hopkins", International Journal of the Classic Tradition, 3(4), pp.458~472 (1997)
- Bergonzi, Bernard, "Gerard Manley Hopkins" (1978), The Macmillan Press
- Boos, Florence S, "Christian Per-Raphaelitism : G. M. Hopkins’ Debt to Richard Watson Dixon", Victorian Poetry, 16(4), pp.314~322 (1978)
- Coleridge, Mary E., "The Last Poems of Richard Watson Dixon" (1905), Henry Frowde
- Dellamora, Richard, "Masculine Desire : The Sexual Politics of Victorian Aestheticism" (1990), U of North Carolina P
- Deutsch, Rosamond E, "The Ancient and Modern Atom", The Classical Journal, 41(3), pp.97~103 (1945)
- Dixon, Richard Watson, "The Collected Poems of Canon Richard Watson Dixon 1833-1900" (1989), Peter Lang
- Evans, Ifor, "English Poetry in the After Nineteenth Century" (1966), Methuen
- Ford, George H, "Keats and the Victorians" (1962), Archon Books
- Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Correspondence of Gerard Manley Hopkins and Richard Watson Dixon" (1955), Oxford UP
- Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Journals and Papers of Gerard Manley Hopkins" (1959), Oxford UP
- Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Letters of Gerard Manley Hopkins to Robert Bridges" (1955), Oxford UP
- Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins" (1984), Oxford UP
- Mackenzie, Norman H., "A Reader’s Guide to Gerard Manley Hopkins" (2008), Saint Joseph’s UP
- Sambrook, James, "A Poet Hidden : A Life of Richard Watson Dixon 1833-1900" (1962), University of London & The Athrone Press
- Smith, Constance I, "Heraclitus and Fire", Journal of the History of Ideas, 27(1), pp.125~127 (1966)
- Sulloway, Alice. G, "Gerard Manley Hopkins and the Victorian Temper" (1972), Columbia UP
- Zaniello, Tom, "Hopkins in the Age of Darwin" (1988), Iowa UP