해외 교차상장이 한국기업의 비효율적 자본지출에 미치는 영향: 국내 DR발행 기업을 대상으로
An Empirical Study on the Effect of Cross-listing on Efficient Capital Expenditures of Korean DR-Issuing Firms
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본 연구에서는 여러가지 경영, 재무활동들 중 해외 교차상장(cross-listing)이 국내기업의 비효율적 자본지출을 개선할 수 있는지 검증하고, 그 영향을 분석하였다. 특히, 해외 교차상장과 관련한 내생성 문제를 해소하기 위해 교차상장을 한 기업(교차상장기업)과 그렇지 않은 기업(비교차상장 기업)을 선정하고 이중차분법(Difference-in-Differences Analysis)을 활용하여 두 그룹의 비효율적 자본지출과 기타 주요 재무지표들을 분석하였다. 주요 실증분석 결과에 따르면 교차상장기업은 교차상장이 된 후 비교차상장기업에 비해 총자본지출과 비효율적 자본지출이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 교차상장기업의 성장성과 효율적 투자지표인 Tobin’s Q와 R&D 투자지출 모두 비교차상장기업 대비 증가하여 교차상장의 긍정적인 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 반면, 교차상장기업의 수익성은 교차상장 이후 비교차상장기업 대비 하락하였는데 이는 교차상장을 위한 실적 부풀리기 등의 영향으로 해석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 해외 교차상장이 한국기업의 비효율적 자본지출과 여러 재무활동에 유의한 영향을 끼치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 기업의 교차상장은 시장과 투자자들에게 더 많은 정보를 제공하여 대리인문제, 정보불균형 등으로 인한 문제들을 해소시키는 효과가 있으며, 보다 엄격한 해외상장의 요건을 충족시키기 위해 기업지배구조 또한 개선되는 효과가 존재한다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
In this study, we consider cross-listing as a business and financial activity that can reduce inefficient capital expenditures. We aim to examine whether inefficient capital expenditures of Korean cross-listed companies have improved after depositary receipts (DR) listing in foreign capital markets. In order to alleviate endogeneity issues associated with DR listing, we implement difference-in-differences(DiD) analysis after selecting Korean firms that have issued DR and firms that haven’t yet. According the main empirical results in this study, cross-listed Korean firms have improved inefficient capital expenditures compared to non-cross-listed firms after the issuance of DRs. In addition, Tobin’s Q and R&D expenditures, which are measures of firm’s future value and efficient investment expenditures, of cross-listed Korean firms increased significantly compared to non-cross-listed firms after DR issuance. However, the profitability, measured by return on assets(ROA) of cross-listed firms decreased compared to non-cross-listed firms, and it implies that there might be some window-dressing issues before cross-listing. Based on our findings, we conclude that more information can be disclosed through cross-listing, thereby alleviating information asymmetry between firms and the market, and corporate governance might be improved in order to meet the more stringent requirements of overseas capital markets.
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