성취 지향적․관계 지향적 우울성향자의 암묵적․명시적 자존감
Implicit and Explicit Self-Esteem in Autonomous and Sociotropic Depressed College Students
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초록
대학생 우울성향 집단을 성취 지향적 우울집단과 관계 지향적 우울집단으로 구분하여, 두 집단은 명시적 자존감에서는 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않지만 암묵적 자존감에 있어서는 성취 지향적 우울성향집단이 더 낮을 것이라는 가설을 검증하였다. 연구 1에서는 대학생 391명을 대상으로 BDI와 성격양식질문지(PSI-Ⅱ), 암묵적 자존감 측정치의 하나인 이름철자 및 생일숫자 선호 검사(IBPT)와 명시적 자존감 측정치인 로젠버그 자존감 척도(RSES)를 이용하여 성취 지향적 우울집단과 관계 지향적 우울집단의 암묵적 자존감과 명시적 자존감의 차이를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 성취 지향적 우울집단은 명시적 자존감 수준에서는 관계 지향적 우울집단과 유의미한 차이가 없지만, 암묵적 자존감은 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 연구 2의 목적은 또 다른 암묵적 자존감 측정치인 암묵적 연합 검사(IAT)를 이용하여 연구 1의 결과를 반복 검증하는 것이었다. 성취 지향적 우울집단 13명, 관계 지향적 우울집단 14명, 통제집단 11명에게 암묵적 연합 검사의 자극을 세분화해 성취관련 IAT와 관계관련 IAT를 측정 후, 해결 불가능한 애너그램 과제를 실시해 실패 경험을 유도하여 IAT 점수를 측정하였다. 연구 1의 결과와 달리 IAT 점수에서는 집단 간 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 성취 지향적 우울집단은 애너그램 과제 후 유의미한 IAT 점수 하락을 보여 암묵적 자존감이 불안정함을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 성취 지향적 우울성향집단과 관계 지향적 우울성향집단이 명시적 자존감에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않지만, 성취 지향적 우울성향집단이 암묵적 자존감은 더 낮을 것이라는 가설이 부분적으로 지지되었다. 본 연구의 이론적․임상적 함의와 제한점, 앞으로의 연구방향을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The present study explored implicit and explicit self-esteem of autonomous and sociotropic depressed college students. Specifically, we examined whether autonomous depressed students had lower implicit self-esteem than sociotropic depressed students, while exhibiting the same level of explicit self-esteem. Study 1 attempted to examine the differences between autonomous and sociotropic depressed students with respect to implicit and explicit self-esteem using the implicit self-esteem measure, IBPT(Initials and Birthday Number Preference Task) and explicit self-esteem measure, RSES(Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). The Personal style Inventory(PSI), IBPT, RSES, and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) were administered to 391 college students. On the basis of PSI and BDI scores, two groups were selected: the autonomous-depressed students(A-D), and the sociotropic-depressed students(S-D). There was no group difference between the A-D and S-D groups in explicit self-esteem, however, A-D group had lower implicit self-esteem than the S-D group. Study 2 was carried out to confirm the differences between autonomous and sociotropic depressed college students with respect to implicit self-esteem using the implicit self-esteem measure, IAT(Implicit Association Task). The IAT effect was divided into competence-IAT and relation-IAT, and an anagram task was used to explore change in implicit self-esteem after a failure experience. Wih respect to the IAT, there were no differences between groups; however, the A-D group showed a decrease in their IAT score, implying an instability in implicit self-esteem. From the results of this study, it can be partially explained why previous studies have not found any differences in the level of implicit self-esteem between depressives and non-depressives. The results were discussed in terms of theoretical and clinical implications. Also limitations of this study and suggestions for future study were discussed.
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