기후변화 적응을 위한 대형 재해 위험의 분산체계와 보험제도 - 해외 사례와 제도를 중심으로 -
The Utilization of insurance for Risk - Sharing Mechanism and Adaptation to Extreme Events for Climate Change
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초록
1997년 기후변화 적응을 위한 교토의정서 체결 이후 2015년 파리기후협약이 체결되면서 기후변화에 대한 심각성과 그 적응책 마련이 시급한 시기임을 알리는 계기가 되었다. 기후변화 적응책은 크게 기후변화를 늦추는 방법과 기후변화로 인한 피해 복구로 나눌 수 있다. 기후변화를 늦추는 방법은 온실가스 감축으로 대표되며, 현재 대부분의 국가의 기후변화 적응 정책은 주로 온실가스의 배출을 줄이고 통제하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 그러나 온실가스의 감축 만큼 기후변화 피해의 방지와 리스크의 분산을 통한 복구 비용의 마련도 중요한 문제이다. 현재까지 후자에 대한 제도적 정책이나 법규범은 구축되지 않고 있다. 이와 관련하여 국제연합, 세계은행, 유럽연합, 미국정부 및 재보험사를 중심으로 보험의 위험 분산체계를 활용하여 기후변화 위험을 대비하고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 이에 본 논문은 궁극적으로 우리나라의 기후변화 위험을 분산하기 위한 대책으로 보험의 활용을 제안하기에 앞서, 기후변화 적응을 위한 해외의 보험제도와 기존의 보험제도를 비교하여 그 차이점을 중점적으로 고찰하고자 한다. 먼저 기후변화 적응을 위한 재정 안정 정책으로 보험제도의 필요성을 강조하는 국제기구의 정책안과 재보험사 및 전문연구기관의 연구 결과를 소개하여 기후변화 적응 방안으로 보험제도가 필수적임을 주장하고자 한다. 그리고 기후변화 적응을 위한 보험제도는 초대형 위험을 산정하고 위험을 효과적으로 분산할 수 있는 체계를 갖추어야 함을 주장하고자 한다. 또한 기후변화 재해와 저소득층간의 상관관계에 대해 고찰하고 그 대안을 제시하고자 한다.
Abstract
After signing the Kyoto Protocol for Climate Change Adaptation in 1997 as the Paris Climate Agreement concluded in 2015, it was an opportunity to inform the seriousness and urgency of adaptation to climate change. Climate change adaptation can be divided into disaster recovery caused by climate change and how to make slow. This article proposes the utilization of insurance as a risk-sharing and adaptation mechanism for extreme-scale natural disasters resulting from climate changes. It proposes how an insurance system should be established in order to accommodate climate change, and emphasizes its differences from existing insurance systems. The policy recommendations from key international organizations as well as the findings of re-insurance companies and related research institutions, which propose and indicate the necessity of insurance as a fiscal stabilization policy to adapt to climate changes, are introduced herein to demonstrate that insurance system is vital as a measure of climate change adaptation. Based on the recommendations from international organizations, the policy implementations and legislations of other countries, and the research from specialized research institutions and the insurance industry, this dissertation demonstrates the correlation between natural disasters caused by climate change and the degree of damages suffered by lower-income people. Accordingly, re-insurance, public-private joint insurance and micro-insurance are proposed as alternatives to the current problem.
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