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정신과적 장애가 있는 아동의 문제 행동의 종류와 심각도가 부모 양육 스트레스에 미치는 효과

The Association between Parenting Stress and Child Behavior Problems in PDD and ADHD

정경미|이민영|김민희|서동수|변희정
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2011.08|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제30권 제3호|pp. 747-765|DOI 10.15842/kjcp.2011.30.3.007

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주의력결핍 과잉행동장애양육 스트레스parenting stressbehavior problem행동 문제양육 스트레스와 아동 문제 행동의 관련성전반적 발달장애association between parenting stress and child behavior problemspervasive developmental disorder (PDD)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구에서는 우리나라의 전반적 발달장애와 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애, 그리고 정상발달 집단을 대상으로 부모가 경험하는 양육 스트레스의 내용을 비교해보고, 부모의 양육 스트레스와 자녀의 문제 행동 심각도의 관련 정도와 관련 영역이 아동이 무슨 장애를 가지고 있느냐에 따라 차이가 나타나는 가를 알아보았다. 참가자는 만 4세-12세의 자녀를 둔 전반적 발달장애, 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 환아 및 정상발달 대조군의 부모였고, 측정 도구는 부모 양육 스트레스 척도와 아동 문제 행동 체크리스트였다. 양육 스트레스와 아동 문제 행동 척도의 점수 비교 결과, 전반적 발달장애와 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 집단은 정상발달 집단보다 상대적으로 높은 수준의 부모 양육 스트레스와 아동의 문제 행동 수준을 보고하였다. 전반적 발달장애 집단은 수용과 역할제한, 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 집단은 보상과 애착 영역에서 스트레스의 정도가 특히 높게 나타났다. 장애 집단별 양육 스트레스와 아동의 문제 행동과의 관련 정도의 비교를 위해 중다회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 내재화 문제행동에서는 두 장애 집단 모두, 외현화 문제행동에서는 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 집단만 문제 심각도 증가에 따른 양육 스트레스의 변화량이 정상발달 집단보다 유의미하게 작게 나타났다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 각 장애 집단에 적합한 양육 스트레스 관리를 위한 개입 방안을 제안하고, 본 연구의 의의와 한계점에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare parenting stress among mothers with PDD, AHDH, and typically developing children and its association with children's problem behaviors. Mothers completed K-PSI and K-CBCL. One-way ANOVA and standard multiple regression was used for the analysis. The results showed that mothers of PDD and ADHD reported significantly higher parenting stress and more child problem behaviors as compared with the control group. Higher stress was reported inon the restricted role and acceptability subscales of the child domain for the mothers of child with PDD and inon the reinforcement and attachment subscales of the parent domain for mothers of child with ADHD. No differences were found inon the health and social isolation subscales. Parenting stress was affected by child's problem behaviors, though its association was rather different depending on the diagnosis. Both the PDD and ADHD groups showed lower correlation between the parenting stress and the internalizing behavior problems than did the control group. However, in terms of externalizing problem behavior, only the ADHD group showed lower correlation than the control group. The PDD group showed no differences. The implications, limitations, and directions for future research were discussed.

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