전도서 속에 나타난 ‘헤벨’의 아이러니와 그 수사적 기능
The Rhetorical Function of the Irony in Hebel(לבה) in the Book of Ecclesiastes
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 논문은 전통지혜의 가르침과 코헬렛이 경험하는 다양한 현실 사이의 모순을 의미하는 ‘헤벨'이 편집의 산물이 아니라 코헬렛의 수사적 전략임을 말한다. 저자는 전도서에 등장하는 코헬렛의 모순된 발언이 아이러니의 수사적 전략을 통해 ‘하나님 경외’를 이끌어내고자 하는 것임을 밝힌다.
Abstract
In the book of Ecclesiastes we find many contradictory remarks on various topics. Qohelet as the preacher shows conflicting perspectives with regard to various life situations such as toil, wealth, enjoyment, death, wisdom and retribution. Thus he call this contradictory situations hebel. For instance, Qohelet expresses that “to the one who pleases him God gives reward, but to the sinner who loses his favor he gives punishment”(Ecc. 2: 26). By contrast in Ecc. 8:12a he says, “the sinner who does evil prolongs his life” and also in Ecc. 3:16 “there is wickedness in the place of justice.” This study is to demonstrate that such contradictory situations are not the result of editorial activity but belong to Qohelet’s rhetorical strategy pointing to the ‘fear of God.’For this purpose, this paper will define the proper meaning of hebel first, and then briefly mention the contradictory situations represented by hebel in the book and the scholarly debate on the subject as well. In the next stage, this paper will show that the contradictory situations expressed by hebel is not the evidence of editorial activity, attempting to find out the structural coherence of the book as welll as to rely on the rhetorical function of irony. The majority of the scholars have maintained that the final editor of the book introduced the orthodox voices of piety into the book in order to moderate the skepticism of an ‘original’ Qohelet. However the present writer claims that the contradictions can be solved by the understanding of the coherency of the book except for the postscript(Ecc 12: 13-14). If the contradictions are to be rightly dealt with by the rhetorical method called ‘irony,’ then they could be led toward the ‘fear of God,’ while reflecting the limits of human existence. This study will contribute to building up the coherent perspective of the contradictions in Qohelet represented by hebel. It will also affirm that the contradictions are Qohelet's rhetorical strategy of irony to generate the ‘fear of God,’ not the proof of different authors’ activity.
참고문헌 (37)
- 민영진, "전도자의 하나님 경외", 연신 목회자 신학세미나 자료집, 통권 : 4, pp.167~179 (1984)
- 박준서, "고대 이스라엘의 지혜운동", 구약논단, 8, pp.133~149 (2000)
- 차준희, "전도서 5장의 신학적 읽기: 주석과 메시지", 구약논단, 16(2), pp.116~135 (2010), 한국구약학회
- 최창모, "전도서의 수사적 질문과 헤벨(lbh)의 상징적 기능에 관한 연구", 신학사상, 104, pp.112~145 (1999)
- Barton, G., "A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Boook of Ecclesiastes (ICC)" (1908), T. & T. Clark
- Crenshaw, J. L., "Ecclesiastes: A Commentary (OTL)" (1987), Westminster
- Fisch, H., "Poetry with a Purpose: Biblical Poetics and Interpretation", Indiana University Press
- Fox, M. V., "The Identification of Quotations in Biblical Literature", ZAW, 92, pp.416~431 (1980)
- Fox, M. V., "The Meaning of Hebel for Qohelet", Journal of Biblical Literature, 105, pp.409~427 (1986)
- Fox, M. V., "A Time to Tear Down & A Time to Bulid Up: A Reading of Ecclesiastes" (1999), W. B. Eerdmans
- Fredericks, D. C., "Ecclesiastes & The Song of Songs" (2010), Apollos
- Ginsberg, H. L., "Studies in Koheleth" (1952), Jewish Theological Seminary of America
- Ginsberg, H. L., "The Structure and Contents of the Book of Koheleth, In Wisdom in Israel and in the Ancient Near East", pp.138~145 (1955), Brill
- Good, E. M., "Irony in the Old Testament" (1981), Almond Press
- Gordis, R., "Koheleth-The Man and His World: A Study of Ecclesiastes" (1968), Schocken
- Hertzberg, H. W., "Der Prediger" (1963), Mohn
- Ingram, Doug, "Ambiguity in Ecclesiastes" (2006), T & T Clark
- Loader, J. A., "Polar Structures in the Book of Qohelet" (1979), Walter de Gruyter
- Lohfink, N., "Qoheleth: A Continental Commentary" (2003), Fortress Press
- McNeile, A. H., "An Introduction to Ecclesiastes" (1904), Cambridge University Press
- Michel, D., "Untersuchungen zur Eigenart des Buches Qohelet" (1989), Walter de Gruyter
- Miller, D. B., "Qoheleth’s Symbolic Use of lbh", Journal of Biblical Literature, 117, pp.437~454 (1998)
- Miller, D. B., "Symbol and Rhetoric in Ecclesiastes: The Place of Hebel in Qohelet’s Work, Academia Biblica 2" (2002), Society of Biblical Literature
- Ogden, Graham, "Qoheleth, 2nd ed" (2007), Sheffield Phoenix Press
- Perdue, L. G., "Wisdom and Cult: A Critical Analysis of the Views of Cult in the Wisdom Literature of Israel and the Ancient Near East" (1977), Scholars Press
- Perry, T. A., "Dialogues with Kohelet: The Book of Ecclesiastes, Translation and Commentary" (1993), Pennsylvania State University Press
- Polk, Timothy, "The Wisdom of Irony: A Study of Hebel and Its Relation to Joy and The Fear of God in Ecclesiastes", Studia Biblica et Theologica, 6, pp.3~17 (1976)
- Seow, C. L., "‘Beyond Them, My Son, Be Warned’: The Epilogue of Qoheleth Revisited, In Wisdom, You are My Sister", pp.125~141 (1997), The Catholic Biblical Association of America
- Seow, C. L., "Ecclesiastes (AB)" (1997), Doubleday
- Seow, C. L., "Beyond Mortal Grasp: The Usage of Hebel in Ecclesiastes", Australian Biblical Review, 48, pp.1~16 (2000)
- Sharp, C. J., "Irony and Meaning in the Hebrew Bible" (2009), Indiana University Press
- Siegfried, C. G. A., "Prediger und Hoheslied" (1898), Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
- Staples, W. E., "Vanity of Vanities", Canadian Journal of Theology, 1, pp.142~143 (1955)
- Whitley, C. F., "Koheleth and Ugaritic Parallels", Ugarit Forschungen, 11, pp.811~824 (1979)
- Whybray, R. N., "The Identification and Use of Quotations in Ecclesiastes", Vetus Testamentum Supplement Series, 32, pp.435~451 (1981)
- Whybray, R. N., "Ecclesiastes (NCB)" (1989), Eerdmans
- Wright, A. G., "The Riddle of the Sphinx: The Structure of the Book of Qoheleth", Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 30, pp.325~326 (1968)