호세아의 결혼 비유에 담긴 사회정치학적 수사학 연구
A Socio-Political Rhetoric Study of Hosea’s Marriage Metaphor
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호세아의 결혼비유와 선포를 이스라엘의 종교적 배교에 대한 고발로 해석하고 이해하는 학자들은 호세아서의 사회정치학적 의도를 간과하였다. 그들의 주장들은 잘못된 구조적 단락 구분과 다른 문서의 편집층을 구분하는데 중점을 둔 편집비평에 근거한다. 학자들은 기원전 9세기동안에 앗수르와의 조약관계를 무시하는데 이는 열왕기서가 이 시기부터 디글랏 빌레셀(745-727BCE)까지 어떠한 언급도 하지 않고 있기때문이었다. 그러나 이스라엘은 샬만에세르 3세부터 깊은 연관이 있었다. 이러한 조약관계를 나타내는 여러 유적들이 있으며 특별히 블렉오벨리스크와 아다드 니라리 3세의 속국 리스트에서 두드러지게 나타난다. 호세아서는 북이스라엘이 처한 대외적 강소국가와의 관계를 중심으로 호세아의 사회정치적 관점을 대변하기 위하여 쓰여졌다. 호세아의 주장은 북이스라엘은 앗수르와 정치적 조약관계를 맺으면 안된다는 것이며 이는 앗수르와 이집트를 연결하는 무역의 관계에까지 연결되는 것이다. 호세아는 물론 이러한 관계를 원하지 않았으며 앗수르와의 조약관계는 명백히 우상숭배와 같은 배교로 이해하였다. 특별히 예후가 맺은 앗수르와의 공신 조약 관계는 호세아가 강력하게 반대하는 주요 문제이다. 그러므로 결혼 비유는 북이스라엘이 올바른 연합 관계를 맺어야 함을 주장하는 수사학적 접근을 포함한 결혼 모티프를 통해서 이해되어져야만 하는 것이다.
Abstract
Scholars, who interpreted and understood the metaphors and proclamations in the book of Hosea as an accusation of Israel’s religious apostasy, have overlooked the socio-political intention of its author. Their arguments are based on inaccurate structural demarcations and biased redactional critical approaches, focusing on the separation of different textual layers. Scholars partly ignored the vassal relationship with Assyria during the 9th century BCE because the books of Kings do not indicate any texts that prove Israel’s alliance with Assyria during this period until Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727BCE). However, I argue that Israel was heavily involved with Assyria from Shalmaneser III (859-824BCE) through Tiglath-PileserIII. We have clear remains which indicate the vassal relationship with Assyria, espcially the Black Obelisk and the vassal list of Adad-Nirari III. The book of Hosea was written for the purpose of advocating Hosea’s socio-political viewpoint based on his understanding of northern Israel among the empires (Assyria and Egypt) and small states. Hosea’s proclamation is to point out that northern Israel has a political alliance with Assyria which means that they are trading with Assyria and Egypt. Hosea, of course, does not like this political relationship because Hosea believes that political relationship with Assyria is idolatry. In particular, the vassal treaty relationship with Assyria made by Jehu (842-815 BCE) is the main problem that Hosea strongly objects to. Therefore, the marriage metaphor needs to be understood with the marriage motif that includes a rhetorical approach to claim who is the better alliance for the northern Israel.
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