구약성경 야브네 정경화에 대한 소고: AD 90년대 야브네 사회-정치 상황 재구성을 중심으로
Revisiting the Canonization of the Old Testament at Yavneh
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초록
야브네 정경화 가설은 유대역사가의 1세대라 할 수 있는 19세기의 하인리히 그래츠(Heinrich Graetz)부터 시작되었다. 본 연구는 로마의 시각으로 70년 이후 유대사회의 정치적, 사회적 리더쉽(leadership)을 재구성함으로서, 야브네 정경화 가설이 어느 정도 타당한지 재평가해 보고자 한다.
Abstract
Revisiting the Canonization of the Old Testament at Yavneh When and where was the Old Testament canonised? Many would answer, “around 90’s at Yavneh.” The hypothesis of the canonization of the Old Testament at Yavneh appeared for the first time in the academia in 19 century by the first-generation Jewish historian: Heinrich Graetz. Despite the challenges by several scholars, the hypothesis is still influential, and appears in many introductory books for the Old Testament. This paper will examine the old issue with a new angle. In light of the reconstruction of the Roman administration of Judaea at the end of the first century AD, we’d like to examine how likely is it for R. Gamaliel II to have conducted the canonisation of the Old Testament along with his council at Yavneh. The outcome of the research is that the Romans would have never chosen Rabban Yohanan b. Zakkai or R. Gamaliel II as intermediaries because they were in the middle of re-arranging the Greek East without intermediaries: client kings. If Agrippa II who had a favour by the Romans was not Roman’s choice, it is highly unlikely that R. Gamaliel II was Roman’s choice. R. Gamaliel and rabbinic authority might have not exercised civil jurisdiction and his Sanhedrin seems not to have had authority to impose their decision on the canonization of the Old Testament.
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