도덕적 행위자로 기능하는 잠언의 아쉬르/부자
The Rich as Moral Agents in Proverbs
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초록
본 논문은 잠언에서 묘사된 아쉬르/부자에 대한 본문을 살펴봄으로써 아쉬르/부자가 단순히 재물을 많이 소유한 사람이 아니라 도덕적 능력이 있음에도 선한 행동을 하지 못해 비판을 받는 도덕적 행위자로 간주되어야 한다고 주장한다. 이 연구를 통해 행동-결과의 인과관계에서 선하고 지혜로운 행동을 해서 얻는 물질적 보상으로의 재물과 아쉬르/부자는 구별되어야 함을 제시한다. 또한 아쉬르/부자는 잠언의 지혜자들이 건설한 도덕적 세계에서 어리석고 부도덕한 행동을 일삼아 비판을 받는 인물로 기능한다는 점을 제안한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the confusion of the logical status of the rich with wealth as a material reward for following wisdom’s way in the act-consequence nexus. Since Klaus Koch suggested the act-consequence nexus, many scholars have regarded the negative descriptions of the rich as an inherent ambiguity of the nexus or as an exception to the nexus. In this paper, however, I argue that in Proverbs the rich designated as ʿāšîr do not just signify individuals who possess economic wealth. The term also points to social-political leaders and those who are moral agents. In Proverbs, the rich are consistently described as moral agents who regularly fail to choose and act for the good. As the sages uncover the rich’s illusion that their wealth can protect them like a fortress (10:15; 18:11), they show that the rich overestimate the value of wealth and, thus, put too much confidence in it. Because of this misguided trust in wealth, the rich seek their own advantage rather than embody virtues in social relations (14:20; 19:4). The rich’s pursuit of their own advantage consolidates the hierarchy between the rich and others by controlling relations with the purpose of increasing their own profits (19:6-7). Especially in their relationships with the poor, the rich increase their wealth and strengthen control over the poor by oppressing them (22:16). These immoral characteristics serve as evidence of the rich’s intellectual and moral hubris: they overestimate their own knowledge and wisdom (28:11). This paper contributes to the scholarship of Proverbs by clarifying the role of the rich in the book and, more importantly, in the act-consequence nexus. In Proverbs, the rich are moral agents whose way of life can be morally evaluated by the moral standards the instructions themselves articulate elsewhere.
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