신명기 역사가의 인물활용에 관한 소고: 나단 이야기를 중심으로
A Study on the Utilization of Characters by a Deuteronomic Historian: Focusing on the Story of Nathan
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사무엘서와 열왕기서에 기록된 나단의 행적은 이중성을 가진다. 다윗에게 언약을 선언하거나(삼하7장), 밧세바를 범한 다윗을 책망하는 장면(삼하 12장)에서 나단은 예언자로 기능하며, 왕권을 강화하거나 견제하는 기능을 하는 것으로 묘사된다. 다른 한편으로, 솔로몬이 다윗을 이어 왕위에 오르는 과정 속에서 나단은 예언자라는 수식어가 가장 많이 언급되면서도 그의 언행이 야웨로부터 기인했다는 어떠한 암시도 없다(왕상 1장). 역사가는 나단의 언행에 대한 평가를 유보하는 듯 보이지만, 거시적인 관점에서 솔로몬 집권 이후의 역사가 왕국의 분열과 멸망으로 이어졌다는 사실을 있는 그대로 기록했다. 역사가는 나단이라는 인물의 명암을 모두 기록함으로써, 단순히 역사적 사실을 명시한 것이 아니라, 역사서를 통해 자신의 의도를 나타내려 했다. 역사서가 기록하고 있는 바, 국가 멸망과 바빌론의 지배라는 암울한 현실 속에서 현실을 만들어 온 과거 인물들과 사건을 직시하고, 언약의 영속성을 위해 버릴 것과 선택할 것이 무엇인지를 말하고자 했다.
Abstract
Nathan's deeds recorded in the books of Samuel and Kings are twofold. In the scene where he declares a covenant with David (2 Sam. 7) or rebukes David in relation to Bathsheba (2 Sam. 12), Nathan is portrayed as a prophet, strengthening or checking the royal authority. On the other hand, in the process of Solomon ascending the throne after David, Nathan is mentioned most often as a prophet, but there is no hint that his words and actions originated from Yahweh (1 Kings 1). The historian does not directly evaluate Nathan's words and actions, but from a macro perspective, he recorded the fact that the history after Solomon's reign led to the division and destruction of the kingdom. By recording all the light and darkness of the character Nathan, the historian did not simply state the historical fact, but tried to express his intention through the historiography. As recorded in historiography, in the gloomy reality of the fall of the nation and the rule of Babylon, historian tried to face up to the people and events of the past that made reality, and to tell what to discard and what to choose for the perpetuity of the covenant.
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