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요나의 예언에 나타난 고대근동 예언적 요소

Ancient Near Eastern Prophetic Features in Jonah’s Prophecies

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주제분류기독교신학

초록

요나서에 기록된 짧은 예언과 전기적 이야기는 마리의 예언 형식과 유사하다. 이러한 형식적 유사성은 요나서가 고대 히브리 예언문학의 원형을 보존하고 있음을 추론케 한다. 요나의 심판예언은 니느웨 백성에게 불운한 징조로 받아들여져서 오히려 그들을 구원하는 기능을 한다. 요나의 구원기능은 여로보암 왕의 통치를 기술하고 있는 열왕기에 보다 잘 묘사되어 있다. 요나는 국토가 회복되겠다는 예언을 통해 여로보암이 하나님의 지지를 받고 있는 왕임을 보여주고 있다.

Abstract

This paper examines Jonah’s prophecy and his activities as being described in the Books of Jonah and Kings. Jonah’s prophecy recorded in the Book of Jonah is very short. The format of this short prophecy is similar to that of the ancient Mari prophecies. A Mari prophecy consists of a short prophecy and longer narratives that provides more context for the prophecy. This structure of the Mari prophecy suggests that the literary form of the book of Jonah is not the result of later editing, but rather preserves the original form of ancient Hebrew prophecy. Jonah pronounces judgment on the people of Nineveh. The people of Nineveh, however, take Jonah’s prophecy as an omen of future misfortune, so they don coarse sackcloth and declare a fast to avoid it. Their behavior seems to be part of a shroud ritual to ward off bad omens. As a result, Jonah is able to warn the people of Nineveh and save them from the coming judgment. Jonah’s deliverance is more clearly seen during the reign of Jeroboam, recorded in the book of Kings. Jeroboam was a wicked king, but Jonah proclaims a positive prophecy of territorial restoration. Like the prophets of Neo-Assyria, he functions as a royal prophet concerned with the welfare of the king and the stability of the kingdom.

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