구강안면영역에서 온도감각의 투사경로 및 처리기전
Projection pattern and processing mechanism of thermal sensation in the orofacial area
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초록
지금까지 구강안면영역에서 인지되는열 및 냉자극에 의한 온도감각이 뇌줄기의 어느 부위에서 어떻게 처리되는지에대해서는 실험상의 여러 제약으로 인해잘 알려지지 않았다. 그러나 최근 다양한온도자극에 반응하는 transient receptor potential (TRP) 수용체 단백질들이클로닝 되고, 이에 대한 항체들이 만들어짐으로써 구강안면영역의 온도감각이뇌줄기에서 처리되는 기전에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 여러 TRP 수용체중 transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) 은 열자극(>43℃)에 반응하며, 캡사이신(capsaicin), 그리고 여러 종류의 염증성매개물질들에 의해 활성화 된다1,2). 또한, transient receptor potential mela-statin 8 (TRPM8)은 26℃ 보다 낮은무해 및 유해한 냉각, 그리고 멘톨(menthol)에 의해 활성화되는 수용체이다. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)은 17℃ 보다 낮은온도와 자극적물질(pungent compound) 에 의해서 활성화되는 통각수용기이며, 염증 및 신경병증성시 유도되는 냉각 및기계적과민화(mechanical hypersensitivity) 반응에 중요한 역할을 담당한다3-5). 본 종설에서는, 최근 본 교실에서 발표한 논문들을 중심으로 삼차신경감각핵에서 TRP 수용체 매개에 의한 열 및냉각 정보가 특정한 종류의 일차들신경섬유들에 의해서 그리고 이들의 정보가독특하게 처리되는 방법을 살펴봄으로써, 구강안면영역의 온도감각정보가 처리되는기전을 이해하는데 유용한 정보를 제공하고자 한다.
Abstract
There is little information available about where and how the thermal sensation by heat and cold stimuli in the orofacial region is processed within the brain stem because of constraints on the experiments. However, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels stimulated by various temperatures and chemical irritant were recently cloned and their specific antibodies were generated, the research on the processing mechanism of orofacial thermal sensation in the brain stem is actively proceeding. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) among several TRP channels is activated by noxious heat (>43℃), capsaicin, and various inflammatory mediators1,2). Transient receptor melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is stimulated by noxious and innocuous cold (<~26℃) and by menthol. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is activated by noxious cold (<17℃) and pungent compounds and plays distinct roles in the cold and mechanical hypersensitivity after inflammation and neuropathic pain3-5). We here review recently published papers in our group showing that TRP channels-mediated heat and cold information is carried via specific primary afferent fibers and is processed in a distinct manner and differently in the trigeminal sensory nuclei; it provides us with useful information to understand better processing mechanisms of thermal sensation in the orofacial region.
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