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지르코니아 크라운 3D 프린팅의 현재, 한계점 및 가능성

3D Printing of Zirconia crown: Current status, limitations and possibilities

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초록

삼차원(Three-dimensional, 3D) 프린팅 기술은 디지털 모델과 컴퓨터 기반 디자인을 이용하여 제품을 제조하는 발전된 기술이다. 치과 기공 분야에서는 레진과 금속의 제조에 적합한 기술로 발전되고 있다. 그러나 지르코니아를 포함한 치과 세라믹 분야에는 아직 3D 프린팅의 적용이 되지 않고, 기존 CAD/CAM 방식의 지르코니아 제작이 임상적으로 활발히 쓰이고 있다. 본 연구는 지르코니아 3D 프린팅이 기존 방식의 지르코니아 크라운 제작을 대체할 가능성을 평가하고자 시도되었다. 2009년부터 2022년까지 발표된 3D 프린팅 지르코니아의 기계적 성질을 비교한 논문과 3D 프린팅 지르코니아 크라운의 정확도와 적합도를 평가한 논문을 리뷰하여 지르코니아를 3D 프린팅으로 성형할 수 있는 기술에 대해 평가하였다. 평가 결과, 3D 프린팅 지르코니아 크라운은 기존 CAD/CAM 지르코니아 크라운에 비해 기계적 성질이 약하고, 정확도와 적합도는 더 낮았다. 제조 효율성에 영향을 미치는 후처리 공정 시간은 3D 프린팅이 훨씬 길었다. 3D 프린팅이 CAD/CAM 밀링의 대체 방식으로 활용되기에는 현재까지는 기술적 무리가 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 향후 3D 프린팅 지르코니아의 강도 향상, 정확도 개선을 위한 슬러리의 균질도 확보, 정확도, 적합도 평가 방식 표준화, 정확도와 적합도를 높이기 위한 수축 조절, SLA뿐 아니라 MJ(DIP) 방식에 대한 고려, 후처리 공정 시간 감소 등 더 많은 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an advanced technology that manufactures products using digital models and computer-based designs. In dentistry, 3D printing techniques are applied in resin and metal manufacturing. However, 3D printing of dental ceramics is uncommon. Clinically, the CAD/CAM method is widely used for fabricating zirconia. This study aimed to compare zirconia 3D printing and the existing method for zirconia crown fabrication. This study examined studies that compared the mechanical properties of 3D-printed zirconia and those that evaluated the accuracy and suitability of the 3D-printed zirconia crown. Our results demonstrated that the CAD/CAM method-based zirconia crowns are superior to 3D-printed zirconia crowns. The 3D-printed zirconia crowns showed weaker mechanical properties, lower accuracy, and lower suitability. Furthermore, 3D-printed zirconia crowns require substantial post-processing time, thus lowering efficiency. Current 3D printing technologies have limitations when applied to zirconia dental crown fabrication. Further studies are warranted.

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