국제형사재판에 있어 재판의 공정성에 관한 연구-대륙법과 영미법의 충돌과 조화를 중심으로-
A Fair Trial in the International Criminal Tribunal
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구 유고 전범재판소는 초창기 기본적으로 영미의 당사자주의에 입각한 수사 및 재판절차를 채택하였다. 그러나 1995년 첫 사건의 심리를 개시한 이후 재판의 장기화라는 비판에 직면하였고, 그 이후 재판소는 절차 및 증거규칙을 개정권한을 이용하여 여러 차례에 걸쳐 재판부 주도의 재판 운영 및 서면 증거를 허용하는 방향으로 전환하였다. 이러한 전환이 재판의 공정성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 많은 논쟁이 있었고, 특히 소송 개시 이전에 재판부가 수사기록에 접근하도록 한 점, 소추 재량권의 남용, 서면 증거, 절차 및 증거규칙 개정권한 등을 둘러싸고 그 문제점들이 지적되었다. 구 유고 전범재판소의 시행착오를 경험으로 국제형사재판소는 도입 초기부터 영미법과 대륙법의 중간적 모델을 채택하였다. 그 대표적인 것이 검사의 객관의무를 규정하여 대륙 형사절차법의 수사시스템을 도입한 것이다. 증거법에 있어 영미법상의 증거배제의 원칙을 도입하지 않고 재판부의 자유심증에 따라 그 허용 여부를 판단하도록 한 점에 있어 대륙법의 요소를 도입한 것으로 평가된다. 국제형사재판소는 영미 및 대륙법계 국가들 모두에 있어 이제까지 국제사회가 추구해 온 피고인의 기본적 인권을 보장하면서 효율적인 범죄진압이라는 기본 목표를 충족할 수 있는 통합 형사 절차 시스템의 표준으로 자리 잡을 것으로 주목을 받고 있고, 우리나라의 형사사법개혁에 있어서 반드시 참고하여야 할 핵심적 모델로 평가된다. * 논문접수 : 2006. 8. 29. * 심사개시 : 2006. 9. 4. * 게재확정 : 2006. 9. 22.
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