Security Environment and Policing New Democracies: The Transformation of State Coercion in South Korea and Mexico
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This study investigates the changing nature of state coercion in South Korea and Mexico following democratization, showing how the security environment constrains both the institutional development of the state and the entrenchment of the rule of law. Comparative case studies of South Korea and Mexico on the continuity and transformation of law enforcement illustrate that the unfolding of democratic transitions does not automatically lead to the creation of impartial law enforcement agencies due to the constraining effects of the security environment. South Korea has achieved only partial success in transforming itself from an arbitrary enforcer into an impartial enforcer; it has failed to eliminate all remnants of authoritarian policing, which is characterized by high policing capacity and low police accountability. A security environment characterized by national division and the existence of strong external threats has prevented an increase in police accountability, while also contributing to the maintenance of strong police capacity. Policing in Mexico, on theother hand, showed the failure of policing during the period of democratic transition, with low policing capacity and accountability. Even though intensified internal security threats increased the need for capable law enforcement agencies, the utilization of the military for law enforcement purposes weakened both the capacity and accountability of the police.
Abstract
This study investigates the changing nature of state coercion in South Korea and Mexico following democratization, showing how the security environment constrains both the institutional development of the state and the entrenchment of the rule of law. Comparative case studies of South Korea and Mexico on the continuity and transformation of law enforcement illustrate that the unfolding of democratic transitions does not automatically lead to the creation of impartial law enforcement agencies due to the constraining effects of the security environment. South Korea has achieved only partial success in transforming itself from an arbitrary enforcer into an impartial enforcer; it has failed to eliminate all remnants of authoritarian policing, which is characterized by high policing capacity and low police accountability. A security environment characterized by national division and the existence of strong external threats has prevented an increase in police accountability, while also contributing to the maintenance of strong police capacity. Policing in Mexico, on theother hand, showed the failure of policing during the period of democratic transition, with low policing capacity and accountability. Even though intensified internal security threats increased the need for capable law enforcement agencies, the utilization of the military for law enforcement purposes weakened both the capacity and accountability of the police.
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