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피해자 영향 진술(VIS) 제도를 둘러싼 서구 사회의 논쟁에 대한 분석 및 평가

Analysis and evaluation of the debates in Western society over the Victim Impact Statements

김성언
한국공안행정학회 (Korean Association Of Public Safety And Criminal Justice)|2020.12|한국공안행정학회보 (korean Journal of Public Safety and Criminal Justice)|제29권 제5호|pp. 25-62|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/KJPC.2020.29.5.25

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참고문헌

키워드

피해자 영향 진술영향 모형소통 모형피해자-가해자 권리균형피해자 영향 진술의 시기 조정
주제분류행정학

초록

이 연구는 피해자 영향 진술 제도에 대한 서구 사회의 논쟁을 통해 피해자-가해자 간 권리 충돌의 문제를 파악하고, 이에 기초하여 그 조정과 균형의 해법을추구하려는 것이다. 특히 이 연구에서는 피해자 영향 진술의 성격 및 효과 논쟁에 집중하여, 형사절차에서 범죄의 영향에 대한 피해자 진술을 허용했을 때 제기되는 우려에 대해 살펴보고 이 제도의 부정적 측면들을 극복하기 위해 어떠한 해법들이 제시되고 있는지를 검토하였다. 경험적 연구들을 분석한 결과, 피해자 영향 진술이 분노 감정을 유발하고 그것이 다시 처벌 감정으로 이어짐으로써 사법 결정자의 건전한 판단을 방해하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 피해자 영향 진술은 피해자 간 부당한 대조를유도할 가능성이 있음이 드러났다. 제도 도입 이후 피고인의 형량이 증가했다는시계열적 증거는 발견되지 않았으며, 조사 연구들은 다수의 사법 관할 지역 판사들이 이 제도가 양형 결과에 거의 영향을 미치지 않는다는 인식을 공유하고 있음을 보여주었다. 반면 실험 연구를 통해 피해자 영향 진술을 평가한 연구들의 결과는 혼합적이었다. 이 연구에서는 피해자 영향 진술 제도에 제기되는 우려를 극복하기 위한 대안으로 피해자 영향 진술을 양형을 위한 도구가 아닌 피해자-가해자 간 의사소통의수단으로 삼아야 한다는 주장, 피해자의 진술 시점이 양형 이후의 단계로 조정되어야 한다는 의견, 피해자 진술서에 담아낼 수 있는 내용을 제한하고 이 제도의 목적과 취지를 피해자에게 정확히 안내함으로써 피해자-가해자 간 불필요한 갈등을 줄일 수 있다는 견해를 소개하였다.

Abstract

The study seeks to identify the rights-conflicts between victims and offenders through the debate over the Victim Impact Statement(VIS), and to pursue a solution of its adjustment and balance based on this. In particular, focusing on the effectiveness of VIS, the study looked at the concerns raised when allowing victim input into sentencing and reviewed what solutions would be presented to overcome its negative aspects. The analysis of empirical studies has shown that VISs tend to interfere with the sound judgment of judicial decision-makers by causing anger feelings and leading to punishment feelings again. In addition, VISs have been shown to be likely to induce unfair contrast between victims. No evidence has been found that the sentence of the accused has increased since the introduction of VISs, and the studies have shown that a number of judicial district judges share the perception that VISs have little effect on the outcome of the sentencing. The results of experimental studies that evaluated the effects of VISs on sentencing were mixed. The study suggests that VISs should be used as a means of communication between victims and offenders, not as a tool for sentencing, that time shifting these statements to after the close of formal criminal proceedings may very well be the best possible way to maintain the benefits of victim testimony, and that unnecessary conflicts can be reduced by limiting what can be contained in VISs and providing accurate guidance to victims about the purpose of VIS system.

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