노르웨이 교도소 수용자 교육의 시사점 연구
Study on the Implications of Prisoners Education in Norway
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이 연구의 목적은 노르웨이의 수용자 교육이 어떠한 국제인권규범 및 국내법에근거를 두고 있는지, 그리고 노르웨이가 추구하는 형집행의 원칙을 교육제도에어떻게 반영하고 있는지 등을 살펴보고 그 시사점을 파악하는 것이다. 이 연구는한국의 교도소 수용자 교육의 개선에 기여할 것이며, 북유럽국가의 인권지향적교정에 대한 다양한 후속연구의 토대가 될 것이다. 노르웨이 교도소 수용자 교육의 시사점을 다음과 같이 정리할 수 있다. 첫째, 노르웨이는 형집행법 및 교육법 등에 인권으로서의 수용자의 교육받을 권리를 존중하고 이를 행사할 수 있도록 명확한 규정을 두었다. 둘째, 노르웨이는 정상성원칙과 수입모델원칙에 따라 인근 고등학교의 교사가 개별 교도소에 개설된 일명교도소 학교에서 일반 학교와 동일한 초중고 교과과정을 가르치며, 예산 등은 모두 국가(지방정부)가 부담한다. 셋째, 노르웨이는 수용자의 보안등급별 배치전환과정을 거치며 교도소 교육과정도 상호 연계되도록 운영함으로써 수용자 교육의연속성을 유지하고 있다. 넷째, 노르웨이는 형집행법 및 교육법 등에 수용자 교육관련 국제인권규범을 충실하게 반영하였고, 특히 외국인 수용자에게도 차별 없이교육기회를 보장하고 있다. 다섯째, 노르웨이는 수용자가 출소 후에도 지역사회에서 교육받을 수 있도록 복귀보증제를 시행하며, 이는 수용자의 재범을 억제하고, 재활에 매우 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine what international human rights norms and domestic laws are based on prisoner education, education in Norway, and how the principle of punishment enforcement pursued by Norway is reflected in the education system, and its implications are identified. The implications of the prison education in Norway can be summarized as follows. First, Norway has established clear regulations such as Execution of Sentences Act and Norwegian Education Act to respect and exercise the education right of prisoners as human rights. Second, in Norway, according to the normality principle and import model, teachers of neighboring high schools teach the same elementary, middle and high school courses as regular schools in prison schools, and all tuition fees are borne by the state(county municipalities). Third, Norway is operating in such a way that correctional education curriculum is linked while changing the placement of prisoners by security level. Fourth, Norway faithfully reflects international human rights norms related to the prisoner education in its own Norwegian Education Act, and in particular, guarantees educational opportunities without discrimination to foreign prisoners. Fifth, Norway enforces a return guarantee system so that prisoners can be educated in the community even after release, which suppresses recidivism of prisoners and has a very positive effect on rehabilitation.
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