교회와 목회자의 인공지능(AI) 활용과 기독교 윤리

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is rapidly developing today and has a huge impact on the base of our society. Sometimes there are positive effects, but at the same time, they have negative effects. As a result, ethical issues related to artificial intelligence have arisen, and various efforts are being made to find appropriate answers. This movement is no exception to churches and pastors.44) Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the necessity and ethical principles of ethics of churches and pastors living in the era of artificial intelligence. The first part of the study is to look at the definition and developmental stages of artificial intelligence. According to the Artificial Intelligence Promotion Act of the United States, an artificial intelligence system is "a data system, software, applications, tools, or utility that operates in whole or part using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or other forms of artificial intelligence, which falls under any of the following." And these artificial intelligence systems are developing into weak artificial intelligence, strong artificial intelligence, and artificial super intelligence. In line with this era of AI, the second part of the study aims to investigate the operational definition of artificial intelligence presented by international institutions and the Korean government, as well as the ethical principles and guidelines that correspond to it. For example, UNESCO's "The Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence Ethics" defines AI systems as "systems which have the capacity to procesws data and information in a way thath resembles intelligent behaviour, and typically includes aspects of reasoning, learning, perception, prediction, planning, or control," and describes three elements related to AI systems: AI technology, AI life cycle, and AI ethics. In addition, 4 values and 10 ethical principles for the development and utilization of artificial intelligence were presented. Next, the European Union signed "The AI Act" and artificial intelligence was defined by level. For example, they are AI systems, General Purpose AI models, Generative AI systems, and Foundation models. And each of the risks that artificial intelligence systems can cause was divided into four levels-Unacceptable risk, high risk, limited risk, and minimal risk-and presented regulations and obligations specifically according to high risk. Finally, the Korean government proposed the "Artificial Intelligence Ethics Principles in Education," dreaming of becoming an AI powerhouse. The government has established 10 detailed principles that should be followed in the field of education under the grand principle of "Artificial Intelligence to Support Human Growth" in order to establish an educational community that practices an educational paradigm in which humanity and futureness coexist, defining artificial intelligence as a technology that implements human intellectual ability with computers. Based on this trend, the final part of the study aims to present the necessity of artificial intelligence ethics and Christian ethical principles to churches and pastors in developing and utilizing artificial intelligence. First, there are three reasons why churches and pastors need artificial intelligence. First, ethical guidelines for the development, release, and use of artificial intelligence systems are needed in relation to the use of weak artificial intelligence and the value of pastoral data. Second, ethical guidelines that can be understood separately between AI ethics and ethical AI in the development of artificial intelligence and the perception of pastors are needed. Third, ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence education are needed to teach 'responsible science technology' in relation to the use of artificial intelligence and church education. Based on these needs, there are three ethical principles needed in relation to the development and utilization of articifical intelligence in churches and ministries. First, the principle of transparency in data use to develop and utilize AI systems for churches and church members while overcoming robot ethics, second, the principle of integrity of developers to overcome machine ethics, and third, the principle of accountability of educators to overcome both sides of science and technology and to use responsible science and technology.