넷플릭스 몰아보기(binge-watching)와 참여적 관객성
Binge-Watching on Netflix and Participatory Spectatorship
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2010년대 이후 넷플릭스로 대표되는 OTT(Over-The-Top) 서비스의 성장과 함께 몰아보기(binge-watching)는 동시대 대중적인 보기(viewing)의 양식으로 자리잡았다. 그동안 몰아보기는 통제력을 잃은 개인의 병리적 행동 혹은이용과 충족의 관점에서 설명되거나 산업적, 서사적 전략에 의한 효과로 이해하는 것이 일반적이었다. 이 글에서는 디스포지티프(dispositif)로서 디지털 인터페이스와 관객성의 관점에서 몰아보기를 다시 생각해 보고자 한다. 디지털 인터페이스는 사용자가 이용하는 도구에 불과한 것이 아니라, 사용자에게 참여를 통해 자유롭게 무엇이든 할 수 있다는 감각을 제공하면서 역사적, 문화적 주체를구성하게 하는 디스포지티프로 볼 수 있다. 나아가, 뉴미디어 이론가 알렉산더갤로웨이나 웬디 희경 전의 논의를 바탕으로, 참여적 관객성이 신자유주의적 삶의 윤리와 절합하고 있음을 설명할 것이다. 그리고, 참여적 관객성의 한 양식으로 몰아보기가 이 글에서 정의할 ‘정동적 피트니스(affective fitness)’와 자기효능감(self-efficacy)을 통해 자기-돌봄과 자기-계발의 시간성에 연루될 수 있음을 검토한다. 그러나, 몰아보기가 신자유주의적 보기의 양식으로 축소되어야 하는 것은 아니다. 마크 핸슨의 세계-감성(worldly sensibility) 개념을 통해, 트렌딩 및 추천 알고리즘과 함께 몰아보기의 글로벌 감성의 형성 가능성을 설명할것이다. 참여적 관객성으로서 몰아보기라는 관점은 기존의 인구통계학적 구분과 지리적 경계를 넘어서 글로벌 문화현상을 새롭게 이해할 수 있게 할 것이다.
Abstract
The growth of the over-the top (OTT) media service, especially Netflix, since the 2010s, has accelerated binge-watching as a popular mode of viewing. Binge-watching has generally been grasped from a uses and gratifications perspective or as a personal behavioral disorder or an effect of industrial and storytelling strategies. This article attempts to rethink binge-watching in relation to digital interface as dispositif that constitutes modes of spectatorship. Digital interfaces are not merely useful tools. Rather, offering a sense of agency and freedom-to-do through users’ participation, they can generate historical, cultural subjects. Hence, building on new media theorists Alexander Galloway and Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, I will argue the articulation between participatory spectatorship and neoliberal ethics. Furthermore, binge-watching as a mode of participatory spectatorship will be discussed in terms of temporalities involved in self-care and self-improvement through self-efficacy and the practice of what I call ‘affective fitness.’ Yet, binge-watching should not be reduced as a neoliberal mode of viewing. On the basis of Mark Hansen’s concept, “worldly sensibility,” I will discuss trending and recommendation algorithms in terms of the creation of global sensibility. In sum, understanding binge-watching as a mode of participatory spectatorship ccan offer us a new perspective on global phenomena in contemporary culture beyond the demographic differences and geographical borders.
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