애국보수는 누구인가: 노년층의 복지거부와 미디어의 영향
Who is Patriot-Conservative? Media’s Effects on the Elderly Population’s Rejection of Welfare Expansion
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한국의 노년층은 세계적 기준으로 볼 때 빈곤율이 높고 국가의 복지정책으로부터의 도움을 필요로 하는 집단이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 한국의 노년층은 지금까지 복지정책의 확산보다는 축소를 주장하는 보수정당에 대한 가장 강력한 지지층으로 존재해왔는데, 본 연구에서는 이처럼 자신들의 경제적 이익과 무관하게 정치적 태도를 결정해온 노년층의 특성에 주목한다. 분석결과, 한국의 노년층은 다른 연령대 집단에 비해 보수적인 복지태도, 즉, 복지확대보다는 경제 성장을 지지하는 태도를 나타냈으며, 이와 같은 결과는 노년층을 주 시청자 집단으로 갖고 있는 종합편성채널의 영향력에 의해 매개되는 것으로 확인되었다. 종합편성채널은 복지확대에 대해 “과도한 세금 부담”, “국가부채”, “포퓰리즘” 등의 프레임으로 정보를 전달하였고, 결과적으로 종합편성채널로부터 정보를 주로 획득하는 노년층은 복지확대에 대해 부정적인 태도를 갖게 되었다는 것이다. 종합편성채널에 의한 노년층과 복지태도 사이의 간접적인 매개효과는 인과 매개 분석(causal mediation analysis) 결과를 통해서도 확인되었다
Abstract
The elderly population in Korea is a group that has a high poverty rate compared to global standards and requires help from the country’s welfare policies. Nevertheless, the elderly population in Korea has been the strongest supporter of conservative parties that advocate for the reduction, rather than expansion, of welfare policies, despite their need for them. This study focuses on the characteristic of the elderly population, who have determined their political attitudes regardless of their economic interests. Analyzing the results, the elderly population in Korea showed a conservative welfare attitude, supporting economic growth rather than expanding welfare, compared to other age groups. Such results were found to be mediated by the influence of Comprehensive Programming Channels that have the elderly population as their main audience. These channels conveyed information on welfare expansion with frames such as “excessive tax burden,” “national debt,” and “populism,” resulting in a negative attitude towards welfare expansion among the elderly population who primarily acquire information from these channels. The indirect mediation effect of the comprehensive programming channels on the elderly population’s welfare attitude was also confirmed through causal mediation analysis.
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