18~19세기 제주의 進上制 운영과 성격

Abstract

Due to its geometric and historical particularities, Jeju presented actual products as donation to the king until the end of the 19th century, and the burden was not trivial. As the political basis of the Joseon government was changed since the days of King Sukjong and it tried to bring Jeju into the range of its rule, the central government made efforts to the burden of the donation upon Jeju. However, given the operational principles of the system of donation in Joseon, such efforts had limitations. Thus, the donation remained great burden for Jeju people until the end of the 19th century. On the other hand, local officials of Jeju including the local governors attempted at various ways to reduce the burden on people due to the donation. One of the ways they found out was the operation of Min-Go ‘storage for people,’ which was represented by Pyeong-yeok-go and Bo-min-go. The foundation and operation of Pyeong-yeok-go was intended toward resolving part of the burden of providing products for the donation by passing it to those in charge of other compulsory labors. The underlying basis for this was Gyun-yeok, which means the balance of the burden of compulsory labors. On the other hand, Bo-min-go was intended through the operation of grain loaning toward reducing the burden of the donation of products posed in the form of inhabitants’ tax. However, due to excessive expenditure, Bo-min-go had a financial structure in which the principal grains gradually disappeared. In the financial situation of Jeju at that time, what remained as potential sourcesof exploitation included such tax collections from newly cultivated land as Jang-se and Hwajeon-se. Thus, some of the rice for Jang-se, which did not fit to the principles of financial management, was underpaid for securing the financial resources of Bo-min-go. This suggests that toward the mid 19th century, even the principles of financial management maintained previously was not kept because the local finances of Jeju reached the limit. In other words, the financial condition of Jeju in the 19th century made it impossibleto find out a solution by sticking to the policy of financial management maintained since the early period of Joseon.