근현대 한라산 상산방목의 목축민속과 소멸

Abstract

Hallasan(1,950m) was designated a national park in 1970, also designated a UNESCO World Natural Heritage in 2007. This mountain was a base that influenced to unfolding of various history and daily lives and breeding-culture of Jeju peoples. This paper is an historical-folklife study about Sangsan-graze(上山放牧) of pastoralists get done in Mt. Halla of Jeju region at modern and contemporary. Sangsan-graze was stock-farming form that done near Baengnokdam(白鹿潭) 1400~1950 meters above sea level that is the highest pasturage region in Korea and it was a traditional stock-farming culture of Jejudo pastoralist. Sangsan-graze place of Mt. Halla divide into Witsae-oreum (윗세오름, altitude 1,700m), Seonjakjiwat(선작지왓), Umteongbat(움텅밭) that is located in the south of Baengnokdam and Sajebi Hill(사제비 동산, altitude 1,423m), Manse Hill(만세동산, altitude 1,606m), Gaemideung(개미등) the whole place located in the Northwestern area. Generally, grazed villages in Sangsan-graze place were located in the North and South of Jejudo, for example, ‘Dong(洞)’ region and Aewol-eup Gwangryeong-ri of Jeju-si and from Jungmun-dong to Hahyo-dong and Namwon-eup Harye-ri of Seogwipo-si. Pastoralists of Jeju region were high up horses and cattle to near Baengnokdam as landmark set aside a regular day, after seeding of early summer was finished. Unpaved and primitive pasturing route existed to interlink from hamlet to Sangsan-graze place. Sangsan-graze was constituted to seasonal pasturing that is transhumance(移牧) in Southern Europe. Sangsan-graze need to grassy place, water, ‘gwe’(궤). Grassy place and water(for example, Sajebi and Bang-ae-oreum, Baengnok Springs) was vital element for survival of horses and cattle, ‘gwe’ was a small rock cave, temporary dwelling place of 'Teuri'(牧子) whom care for horses and cattle. In Sangsan-graze place, all pastoralists of coast and the middle-mountains hamlet can graze no charge. Generally, in the subdivisions of the seasons, before and after the Cheongmyeong(淸明, 4월5일), Jeju-teuris(pastoralists) were high up horses and cattle to near Baengnokdam, and at that time the Sanggang(霜降, 10월23일), they descend a mountain horses and cattle from Sangsan(上山) to coast and the middle-mountains hamlet. Sangsan-graze was proceed doing high up, grazing, making horses and cattle come back. Jeju-teuris(pastoralists) were offering a sacrifice to spirits for find that lost horses and cattle and make a start grazing, prepare for dry a tilefish and candle. When high up horses and cattle, Jeju-teuris were doing brand iron and ear tag. After Mt. Halla was designated a national park in 1970, by national power, Sangsan-graze was prohibited wholly. In consequence, traditional Sangsan-graze folk was disappeared completely, Jejujoridae(제주조릿대)was expanded to breeding and as alpine plant, the Siromi(시로미)'s habitat was threaten.