조선시대 문헌에 나타난 제주도 동물의 통시적 연구 -≪세종실록지리지≫, ≪신증동국여지승람≫, ≪탐라지≫, ≪남환박물≫, ≪제주계록≫을 중심으로

Abstract

In this study, faunistic records of Jeju Island were diachronically investigated using five selected official literatures on Jeju Island published during Chosun Dynasty: Se-Jong-Sil-Rok-Ji-Ri-Gi(世宗實錄地理志), Dong-Guk-Yeo-Ji-Seong-Ram(東國輿地勝覽), Tam-Ra-Ji(耽羅志), Nam-Whan-Bak-Mul(南宦博物), and Je-Ju-Gae-Rok(濟州啓錄). The results were as follows. First, we made a list of animal species occurred in classical literatures on Jeju Island and arranged them in view of present animal classification system. As a result, sixty-two animal species belonging to ten classes and four phyla had been recorded in the classical literatures studied (15th―19th centuries). Second, number of animal species tends to increase from earlier to later Chosun Dynasty period. And points of view on animals may have had been changed over time. Species that can be directly used for foods had been center of interest in the earlier period while broader range of animal groups including Aves were targets of description in the later period. Third, special products of Jeju Island nowadays such as abalone, hairtail fish, mackerel, horse were also frequently occurred in literatures since the 15th century, which suggested these products have been continuously popular. Fourth, species records about nautilus, sea otter, crocodile, and Pere David’s deer which do not occur today in Korea, give opportunities to think about whether these species previously occurred in Korea and about which factors had influenced distributional change of them such as climate change, ecological environmental change, and/or international exchange. Fifth, it is suggested that detailed examination on scientific terms should be accompanied to studies on classical literature in view of natural history based on animal names not used today. Sixth, this study is given significance by its scientific approach to classical literature which have been usually studied in humanities and social science such as literature, history and geography. Besides this study needs to be escalated to detailed studies as it is the first attempt to examine traditional biological knowledge in Jeju Island from the classicial literature.