The Difficulties Current American Law Faces in Protecting Internet Users’ Privacy : The Devil is in the Details
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This article provides an analysis of the laws potentially applicable to the online collection and use of personal information by the private sector. It begins by examining corporations’ current practices of deploying sophisticated software to gather, use, and disclose information about users. The article contends that current applicable law, particularly federal statutory law, is too fragmented and dated to properly safeguard individuals’ privacy rights on the Internet. The article proceeds to define the privacy interests at stake and considers and ultimately rejects the arguments that many users either do not care that their online behavior is tracked and their data mined or that they give companies fully informed consent related to the data collection. Finally, the article offers a brief proposal for a comprehensive federal statute regulating the use and security of personal information in the hands of companies.
Abstract
This article provides an analysis of the laws potentially applicable to the online collection and use of personal information by the private sector. It begins by examining corporations’ current practices of deploying sophisticated software to gather, use, and disclose information about users. The article contends that current applicable law, particularly federal statutory law, is too fragmented and dated to properly safeguard individuals’ privacy rights on the Internet. The article proceeds to define the privacy interests at stake and considers and ultimately rejects the arguments that many users either do not care that their online behavior is tracked and their data mined or that they give companies fully informed consent related to the data collection. Finally, the article offers a brief proposal for a comprehensive federal statute regulating the use and security of personal information in the hands of companies.
참고문헌 (85)
- "Restatement (Second) of Torts §§652B, 652C, 652D, 652E (1977)", ~ (1977)
- "Daniel J. Solove & Paul M. Schwartz, Information Privacy Law, (3d ed. 2009)", ~ (2009)
- "Valentine v. NebuAd, No. 08 Civ. 5113 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 10, 2008)", ~ (2008)
- "In re DoubleClick Inc. Privacy Litigation, 154 F. Supp. 2d 497 (S.D.N.Y. 2001)", ~ (2001)
- "Dyer v. Northwest Airlines Corp. 334 F.Supp.2d 1196 (D.N.D. 2004)", ~ (2004)
- "In re Pharmatrak, Inc. Privacy Litigation, 220 F.Supp.2d 4, 13 (D.Mass. 2002)", ~ (2002)
- "In re Northwest Airlines Privacy Litigation, 2004 WL 1278459 (D. Minn. 2004)", ~ (2004)
- "Federal Trade Commission v. Seismic Entertainment Productions, Inc., Civ. No. 1:04-CV-00377 (Nov. 21, 2006)", ~ (2006)
- "In re Liberty Financial Cos., No. 9823522, 1999 FTC LEXIS 99 (May 6, 1999)", ~ (1999)
- "FTC v. ReverseAuction.com, Inc., No. 00-CV-32 (D.D.C. Jan. 6, 2000)", ~ (2000)
- "In re Gateway Learning Corp., No. C-4120 (Sept. 10, 2004)", ~ (2004)
- "FTC v. Toysmart.com LLC, 00-CV-11341-RGS (D. Mass. July 10, 2000)", ~ (2000)
- "U.S. Dep’t of Justice v. Reporters Comm. for Freedom of the Press, 489 U.S. 749, 763 (1989)", ~ (1989)
- "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-191, 110 Stat. 1936 (1996)", ~ (1996)
- 1998, "Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (1998), 15 U.S.C.A. §§6502-6505", ~ (1998)
- "Videotape Privacy Protection Act of 1988, 18 U.S.C. §2710 (2000)", ~ (2000)
- "The Cable Communications Policy Act, 47 U.S.C. §551 et seq (2003)", ~ (2003)
- "Electronic Communications Privacy Act (1986), 18 U.S.C. §2510", ~ (1986)
- "Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (1986), as codified at 18 U.S.C. §1030", ~ (1986)
- "Telephone Consumer Protections Act (1991), 47 U.S.C. §227", ~ (1991)
- "CAN-SPAM Act (2003), 15 U.S.C.A. §§7701, et seq", ~ (2003)
- "The Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) (15 U.S.C §§41-58, as amended)", ~ (1914)
- "Minnesota’s Deceptive Trade Practices Act, Minn.. Stat. §325D.44", ~
- "Financial Services Modernization Act, Pub. L. No. 106-102, codified at 15 U.S.C.§§6801-6809", ~
- Daniel J. Solove, "Conceptualizing Privacy", Cal .L. Rev, 90, pp.2002~ (2002)
- "Louise Story and Miguel Helft, Google Buys DoubleClick for $3.1 Billion, The New York Times, April 14, 2007", ~ (2007)
- Julia Angwin, "The Web’s New Gold Mine : Your Secrets", The Wall Street Journal (2010)
- "Today Facebook, Tomorrow the World, Wired" (2010)[URL]
- Daniel J. Solove, "Identity Theft, Privacy, and the Architecture of Vulnerability", Hastings L.J., 54, pp.1227~ (2003)
- Tresa Baldas, "Web Behavioral Advertising Goes to Court", The National Law Journal (2009)
- Liisa M. Thomas, "Where Have You Been? The Rules for Online Behavioral Advertising", Pratt Privacy & Data Security Law Journal (2009)
- Jeff Sovern, "Protecting Privacy with Deceptive Trade Practices Legislation", Fordham L. Rev, 69, pp.1305~ (2001)
- Joel R. Reidenberg, "Privacy in the Information Economy : A Fortress or Frontier for Individual Rights?", Fed. Comm L.J, 44, pp.195~ (1992)
- William M. Beaney, "The Right to Privacy and American Law", L. & Contemp. Probs, 31, pp.253~ (1966)
- Samuel D. Warren, "The Right to Privacy", Harv. L. Rev, 4, pp.193~ (1890)
- "Nick Bilton, Consumer Group Aims at Google, The New York Times, September 6, 2010", ~ (2010)
- Julie E. Cohen, "Examined Lives: Informational Privacy and The subject as Object", Stan.L.Rev, 52, pp.1373~ (2000)
- Jonathan Shaw, "Exposed, The erosion of privacy in the Internet era", Harvard Magazine (2009)
- "Charles Dunigg, What Does Your Credit-Card Company Know about You?, The New York Times, May 12, 2009", ~ (2009)
- See Nancy J. King, "When Mobile Phones Are RFID-Equipped-Finding E.U.-U.S. Solutions to Protect Consumer Privacy and Facilitate Mobile Commerce", Mich. Telecomm. Tech. L. Rev, 15, pp.107~ (2008)
- "Michael Barbaro and Tom Zeller Jr., A Face Is Exposed for AOL Searcher No. 4417749, The New York Times, Aug. 9, 2006", ~ (2006)
- Emily Steel, "On the Web’s Cutting Edge, Anonymity in Name Only", The Wall Street Journal (2010)
- "Facebook’s New Privacy Changes : The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly" (2009)[URL]
- Anita L. Allen, "Coercing Privacy", Wm. & Mary L.Rev, 40, pp.723~ (1999)
- Eric Goldman, "The Privacy Hoax" (2002), Forbes
- "Tanzina Vega, Web Code Offers New Ways To See What Users Do Online, The New York Times, October 11, 2010", ~ (2010)
- Daniel J. Solove, "Privacy and Power : Computer Databases and Metaphors for Information Privacy", Stan.L.Rev, 532, pp.1393~ (2001)
- Elizabeth Warren, "Unsafe at Any Rate", Democracy Journal, (5) (2007)
- "Tanzina Vega, Code That Tracks Users’ Browsing Prompts Lawsuits, The New York Times, September 21, 2010", ~ (2010)
- "Riva Richmond, Resisting the Online Tracking Programs, New York Times, November 11, 2010", ~ (2010)
- "Riva Richmond, False Sense of Security, The New York Times, September 20, 2010", ~ (2010)
- "States to Investigate Google Data Collection" (2010), Reuters
- AJ Glasser, "Zynga gave advertisers user info", The Wall Street Journal (2010)
- Sarah Ludington, "Reining in the Data Traders : A Tort for the Misuse of Personal Information", Md. L. Rev, 66, pp.140~ (2007)
- "Steven A. Hetcher, Norms in a Wired World (2004)", ~ (2004)
- Steven Hetcher, "Changing the Social Meaning of Privacy in Cyberspace", Harv. J. L. & Tech, 15, pp.149~ (2001)
- Steven A. Hetcher, "Norm Proselytizers Create a Privacy Entitlement in Cyberspace", Berkeley Tech. L. J, 16, pp.877~ (2001)
- Priscilla M. Regan, "Legislating Privacy. in: Technology" (1995), Social Values, and Public Policy
- Marc Rotenberg, "Fair Information Practices and the Architecture of Privacy (What Larry doesn’t Get)", Stan. Tech. L. Rev, pp.1~ (2001)
- Michael E. Staten, "The Impact of Opt-In Privacy Rules on Retail Credit Markets : A Case Study of MBNA", Duke L.J, 52, pp.745~ (2003)
- Joseph Turow, "Contrary to What Marketers Say" (2009), Americans Reject Tailored Advertising and Three Activities That Enable It
- "Usage and Population Statistics/Statistics," (2010)[URL]
- "Presented By Chairman Jon Leibowitz Before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate" (2010)[URL]
- "National Conference of State Legislatures, State Security Breach Notification Laws" (2010)[URL]
- "State of Enterprise Security Study Shows Frequent, Effective Attacks on Worldwide Business"[URL]
- "Americans want online privacy - per new Zogby poll"[URL]
- "Most Americans dislike behavioral advertising: survey"[URL]
- "Teens, Privacy, and Online Social Networks"[URL]
- "Dear Facebook & Google: We Are Not Your Pawns Enough With The Auto Opt-In!, Daggle"[URL]
- "FTC. ChoicePoint Settles Data Security Breach Charges"[URL]
- "Annenberg Pub. Policy Ctr. of the Univ. of Pa., Americans and Online Privacy: The System Is Broken"[URL]
- "Interview with Rick Boucher and Cliff Stearns, on C-Span, the Communicators"[URL]
- "Interview with Anne Toth, head of privacy at Yahoo, on C-Span"[URL]
- Liisa M. Thomas, "Balancing Technology and Power: Emerging Rules in Online Behavioral Advertising, Mobile Marketing, Social Networking, and Other Electronic Commercial Communications", Presentation at PLI’s Eleventh Annual Institute on Privacy and Data Security Law (2010)
- "Regulatory Restructuring : Enhancing Consumer Financial Products Regulation: Statement Before the H. Comm. on Financial Servs., 111th Cong. (2009) (statement of Elizabeth Warren)", ~ (2009)
