고교학점제에서의 학생평가에 대한 국외 사례 연구

Abstract

The introduction of a high school credit system in 2022 follows in the steps of a plethora of curriculum studies which have focused on topics such as expanding the range of subjects offered and the minimum number of credits required for graduation. Moreover, sufficient discussion and policies regarding achievement assessment and the utilization of credits for college admissions are needed to implement an evaluation system in high schools. Against this backdrop, the present study investigated student achievement assessment in the USA, Germany, and Australia which currently implement a high school credit system which encompass graduation requirements and minimum credits, grade calculations, student evaluation methods, and the use of high school grades in college admissions. The results of the international case studies indicate that these countries - based on a high degree of teacher autonomy and trust strongly built into teachers’ evaluation - maintained a criterion-referenced evaluation system graded by achievement percentile according to national or state evaluation standards. In addition, teacher-specific evaluation was implemented and efforts were made to derive reliable evaluation results by clearly describing evaluation standards and ensuring that evaluation is objective and fair through teachers’ councils. Lastly, it was found that minimum achievement standards were set, what constitutes a failed credit stated, and credit recovery was allowed. In the case of failed credits, which have a significant impact on the overall achievement of credits and graduation, remedial measures were provided to support students. Some important implications derived from this international comparative study are as follows: (1) to implement a high school credit system in Korea successfully, criterion-referenced evaluation and teacher-specific evaluation should be introduced. However, measures should be taken to prevent grade inflation and secure reliability and fairness in teacher evaluation; and (2) graduation requirements and minimum achievement standards should be defined to include the criterion of credit failure and credit recovery should be offered.